Abstract
On June 20 2022, artists and art observers in Indonesia were shocked by the circulation of information that the People's Justice banner by Taring Padi exhibited at Documenta Fifteen interpreted as containing elements of antisemitism. Taring Padi explained that the People's Justice banner was based on the political history of Indonesia under New Order regime and had nothing to do with antisemitism, however, the banner was eventually dismantled on June 21, 2022. Based on this background, there are several research questions to explore: How is the chronology of dismantling the People's Justice banner at Documenta Fifteen? Why did this incident occur? What does Taring Padi need to do as a cultural agency? This research uses qualitative research methods with a critical discourse analysis approach. The results of this research found that the protests against two figures in the People's Justice banner due to two reasons: firstly, the unwillingness of the protesting parties to ask Taring Padi for confirmation and listen to Taring Padi's explanation. Secondly, Taring Padi's ignorance regarding practices considered antisemitism because knowledge about the history of antisemitism is uncommon in Indonesia. The People's Justice banner can be a medium for dialogue between fellow artists and the audience. However, this work has potential weaknesses because it depicts a gap in antagonism that narrows the interpretive space. This potential can be anticipated if the artist opens up a space for interpretation and the audience must be open, so that discursive encounters can be held to understand shared culture and social problems.
Bahasa Abstract
Pada tanggal 20 Juni 2022, seniman dan pemerhati seni di Indonesia dikejutkan dengan informasi tentang banner People’s Justice karya Taring Padi yang sedang dipamerkan di Documenta Fifteen dianggap mengandung unsur antisemitisme. Taring Padi menjelaskan bahwa banner People’s Justice berlandaskan pada sejarah politik Indonesia di bawah kekuasaan Orde Baru, dan tidak ada kaitannya dengan antisemitisme, namun banner People’s Justice tetap diturunkan pada tanggal 21 Juni 2022. Untuk itu, pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kronologi penurunan banner People’s Justice di Documenta Fifteen? Mengapa insiden tersebut bisa terjadi? Apa yang perlu dilakukan Taring Padi sebagai agensi budaya? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah protes terhadap figur di dalam banner People’s Justice karena dua hal, yaitu pertama, ketidakmauan para pihak yang protes meminta konfirmasi kepada Taring Padi untuk mendengarkan penjelasan dari Taring Padi. Kedua, ketidaktahuan Taring Padi mengenai praktik yang dianggap antisemitisme, karena pengetahuan tentang sejarah antisemitisme tidak umum di Indonesia. Banner People’s Justice bisa menjadi media dialog antar sesama seniman dan penonton. Namun karya tersebut memiliki potensi kelemahan karena menggambarkan kesenjangan antagonisme yang mempersempit ruang interpretasi. Potensi ini bisa diantisipasi bila seniman membuka ruang interpretasi dan penonton harus terbuka dengan hal itu, sehingga perjumpaan diskursif dapat dilakukan untuk memahami budaya dan persoalan sosial bersama.
References
Barthes, Roland. 1977. Image, Music, Text. London: Fontana Press.
BBC News Indonesia. 2022. Mengapa Baliho Karya Seniman Yogya Dituding Anti-Yahudi Di Jerman?. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-61922599 (diakses pada 14 Agustus 2023).
Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien. 2022. “5-Punkte-Plan von Kulturstaatsministerin Roth Für Die Documenta.” Die Bundesregierung. https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/suche/roth-menschenwuerde-unverrueckbar--2055528 (diakses pada 14 Agustus 2023).
Bexley, Angie. 2000. Sejarah Pergerakan Seni Radikal Di Dalam Transisi Kekuasaan Indonesia (1930-2000). Yogyakarta: ACICIS.
Bishop, Claire. 2012. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso.
Brock, Tom, Mark Carrigan, and Graham Scambler (eds). 2017. Structure, Culture and Agency: Selected Papers of Margaret Archer. London and New York: Routledge.
Dirgantoro, Wulan and Elly Kent. 2022. “We Need to Talk! Art, Offence and Politics in Documenta 15.” New Mandala: 29 Juni 2022. https://www.newmandala.org/we-need-to-talk-art-offence-and-politics-in-documenta-15/ (diakses 16 Agustus 2023)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. 2020. Antisemitism: Overview of Recorded Antisemitic Incidents in The European Union 2009–2019. Luxemburg: Publications of the European Union.
Fairclough, Norman. 2003. Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research. London: Routledge.
Finkelpearl, Tom. 2000. Dialogues in Public Art. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Gultom, Heidi Arbuckle. 2019. Taring Padi: Praktik Budaya Radikal Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Octopus Publishing.
Habermas, Jürgen. 1991. “Discourse Ethics: Notes on a Program of Philosophical Justification.” In Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Trans. by Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Heriyanto, Bhakti. 2014. Kajian Tentang Karya Seni Grafis Komunitas Taring Padi Di Yogyakarta Periode Tahun 2008-2012. https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/40093/Kajian-Tentang-Karya-Seni-Grafis-Komunitas-Taring-Padi-Di-Yogyakarta-Periode-Tahun-2008-2012 (diakses 16 Agustus 2023)
Howarth, David R. 2013. Poststructuralism and After: Structure, Subjectivity and Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sucitra, I Gede Arya dan Nadiyah Tunnikmah, eds. 2018. Taring Padi - Bara Lapar Jadikan Palu. Yogyakarta: Galeri R.J. Katamsi ISI Yogyakarta.
Kanwar, Amar, Charles Esche, Elvira Dyangani Ose, Frances Morris, Gabi Ngcobo, Jochen Volz, Philippe Pirotte, dan Ute Meta Bauer. 2022. Documenta Finding Committee on the Deinstallation of ‘People’s Justice’ by Taring Padi. https://documenta-fifteen.de/en/news/documenta-finding-committee-on-the-deinstallation-of-peoples-justice-by-taring-padi/ (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
Kent, Ellen. 2016. Entanglement: Individual and Participatory Art Practice in Indonesia. Canberra: Australian National University. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/117054.
Kester, Grant H (ed). 1998. Art, Activism, and Oppositionality: Essays from Afterimage. Durham dan London: Duke University Press.
———. 2005. “Conversation Pieces: The Role of Dialogue in Socially-Engaged Art Since 1985.” In Theory in Contemporary Art Since 1985, eds. Zoya Kucor and Simon Leung. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 2011. The One and The Many: Contemporary Collaborative Art in a Global Context. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Laclau, Ernesto. 2005. On Populist Reason. London and New York: Verso.
Lane, Mary M. 2020. “The Artist Who Dared to Take On the Nazis From Their Earliest Days.” HistoryNet: 21 Januari 2020. https://www.historynet.com/the-artist-who-dared-to-take-on-the-nazis-from-their-earliest-days/ (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
Lapangan Tengah. 2022. “Antisemitisme Dalam Seni: Kasus Documenta 15.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB3bTiVoHmY (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
Lumbung Artists Taring Padi. 2022. Documenta Fifteen. https://documenta-fifteen.de/en/lumbung-members-artists/taring-padi/ (diakses 18 Agustus 2023)
Mack, Eitay. 2019. “How Israel Helped Whitewash Indonesia’s Anti-Leftist Massacres.” +972 Magazine, 9 September 2019. https://www.972mag.com/israel-whitewash-indonesia-anti-communist-massacres/ (diakses 20 September 2023)
Marcus, Kenneth L. 2015. The Definition of Anti-Semitism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Permenlu No. 3 Tahun 2019. Panduan Umum Hubungan Luar Negeri Oleh Pemerintah Daerah.
Purwaningsih, Ayu. 2022a. Documenta15: Di Mana Lumbungnya?. DW: 21 Juni 2022. https://www.dw.com/id/documenta-lumbung-dan-ruangrupa/a-62186616 (diakses 18 Agustus 2023)
———. 2022b. Gambar Taring Padi Diturunkan Karena Muatan Antisemitisme. DW: 22 Juni 2022. https://www.dw.com/id/taring-padi-dan-tuduhan-antisemitisme-itu/a-62206971 (diakses 18 Agustus 2023)
Roosa, John. 2020. Burried Histories: The Anticommunist Massacres of 1965-1966 in Indonesia. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
ruangrupa. 2019. Kuratorial Documenta Fifteen. https://ruangrupa.id/documenta-15/ (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
———. 2022a. Ruangrupa and the Artistic Team on Dismantling ‘People’s Justice. https://documenta-fifteen.de/en/news/ruangrupa-on-dismantling-peoples-justice-by-taring-padi/ (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
———. 2022b. Tuduhan Anti-Semit terhadap Documenta. https://ruangrupa.id/2022/06/26/tuduhan-anti-semit-terhadap-documenta-skandal-tentang-rumor/ (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
Seta, Martinus Ariya. 2022. Documenta Diterpa Tudingan Antisemitisme Lagi Setelah Taring Padi Halaman All. https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2022/08/02/070100370/documenta-diterpa-tudingan-antisemitisme-lagi-setelah-taring-padi (diakses 23 Agustus 2023)
Setriyaningsih, Puji. 2017. “Taring Padi: Komunitas Seni Dan Gerakan Sosial (Studi Di Dukuh Sembungan, Bangunjiwo, Kasihan, Bantul).” E-Societas 6, No. 1. https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/societas/article/view/9080.
Sinaga, Dolorosa, Kiswondo, Martin Alaida, Wulan Dirgantoro, Yayak Yatmaka, Bambang Agung, Rheinhard Sirait, Emily M White, Jeffer Lumban Gaol, Erpan Faryadi, Marco Kusumawijaya, dan Alexandra Crosby. 2011. Taring Padi: Seni Membongkar Tirani. Yogyakarta: Lumbung Press.
Syamsul, Barry. 2008. Jalan Seni Jalanan Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Studium.
Taring Padi. 2022. Statement by Taring Padi on Dismantling People’s Justice at Documenta Fifteen. https://www.taringpadi.com/statement-by-taring-padi-on-dismantling-peoples-justice-at-documenta-fifteen/?lang=en (diakses 20 Agustus 2023)
Titarubi. 2022. Monument of Mourning. https://universes.art/en/documenta/2022/monument-of-mourning (diakses 4 Oktober 2023)
Yusuf, Mohamad. 2018. “Taring Padi Berada.” In Taring Padi - Bara Lapar Jadikan Palu. Eds. I Gede Arya Sucitra dan Nadiyah Tunnikmah. Yogyakarta: Galeri R.J. Katamsi ISI Yogyakarta, 37–67. http://digilib.isi.ac.id/12750/.
Recommended Citation
Heron, Heronimus, and Min Seong Kim. 2024. INSIDEN PENURUNAN BANNER PEOPLE’S JUSTICE DI DOCUMENTA FIFTEEN DAN PERINTANG KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA. Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 14, no. 2 (August). 10.17510/paradigma.v14i2.1433.
