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Abstract

The Chinese have settled in Bintan Island since Zheng He’s great expeditions in the 15th century. However, large-scale arrivals of the Chinese did not occur until in 1740. They worked as laborers in pepper and gambier plantations that belonged to Buginese nobles. Internal and external changes in the political landscape, as well as land and territorial tenures between the Hokkiens in Tanjungpinang and Teochews in Senggarang, added a new nuance to their roles as middlemen, land owners, and coolies in pepper and gambier plantations. This gave rise to contestation between these two ethnic groups. How did the land tenure process take place? What was the role of the Chinese and the Dutch East Indies government in that contestation? Using the concept of Chinese expansion proposed by Kwee Kui Han, this research found that the Chinese were able to establish very structured and systematic presence in the island, both in its hinterland and coastal areas. This condition made it easier for the Chinese to gain control of the economy. This study used the historical method to reconstruct the Chinese’s roles as intermediary traders and plantation owners, as well as the contestation that occurred in Tanjungpinang in the 19th century. Primary data were obtained from Dutch colonial-era sources and the writings of local and foreign historians in order to generate a more comprehensive picture of the topic.

Bahasa Abstract

Orang Cina telah berada di Pulau Bintan sejak abad ke-15 bersama dengan ekspedisi Zheng He. Namun kedatangan orang Tionghoa secara besar-besaran terjadi pada tahun 1740. Mereka datang sebagai buruh di perkebunan lada dan gambir milik bangsawan Bugis. Perubahan politik internal dan eksternal serta penguasaan tanah dan teritorial antara Hokkien di Tanjungpinang dan Teochiu di Senggarang menambah narasi baru pada peran mereka sebagai perantara, pemilik tanah, dan kuli di perkebunan lada dan gambir. Kontestasi antara dua kelompok etnis ini. Bagaimana proses penguasaan tanahnya. Bagaimana peran Cina dan Pemerintah Hindia Belanda dan kontestasi itu terjadi. Menggunakan pendekatan Kwee Kui Han dengan konsep ekspansi yang dilakukan oleh orang Tionghoa sangat terstruktur dan sistematis baik di pedalaman maupun di pesisir. Hal ini justru memudahkan mereka (Cina) untuk menguasai ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah untuk merekonstruksi peran orang Tionghoa sebagai pedagang perantara, pemilik perkebunan dan kontestasi yang terjadi di Tanjungpinang pada abad ke-19 Sumber primer diperoleh melalui sumber kolonial serta tulisan-tulisan sejarawan lokal dan asing, memperkaya narasi makalah ini.

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