Abstract
An American philosopher, Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-1996) in his books, The Structure of Scientific Revolution (1962) and The Essential Tension; Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change (1977) poses a paradigm of a universal foundation of science which uses a common fact, method, language and criteria. He does not think that even in the realm of the natural sciences, there are differences, more so that there is a paradigm in the humanities including the arts and literature. Kuhn, however, has established a new paradigm for the philosophy of science which he called “the sociology of science” or a social construction, which now is popular as a constructive paradigm. It is developed in the Critical Theory of Adorno, Horkheimer, and Habermas, and in the Postmodern Theory of Lyotard, Derrida, Foucault, and Baudrillard. The paradigm of the social-political and cultural discourses of the seventies, has developed from structuralism of Saussure and Levi Strauss to post-structuralism or deconstructionism of Jacques Derrida and Paul de Mann referring to contemporary or postmodern era. It rejects stable understanding, logocentrism, antibinary, and gives readers ways to understand a text. The methods used is interpretative paradigm, such as philology, Marxist, new historicism, structuralism, psychoanalysis, theory of acceptance, semiotics, deconstruction, and discourse analysis.
Recommended Citation
Yusuf, Akhyar. 2011. Paradigma Ilmiah pada Ilmu Sosial-Budaya Kontemporer. Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 1, no. 2 (July). 10.17510/paradigma.v1i2.8.
