Environmental Science: Original Article
22 January 2026
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31 December 2025
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: BEHAVIORAL TRANSFORMATION TO KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY ACTION
Sustainability issues are now a global concern. However, knowing the root causes of problems and the target is not the only factor that constantly motivates change for the better (Wamsle & Osberg, 2022) as such change also requires encouragement from actors, including individuals, organizations, and communities. Therefore, the human aspect is crucial for the successful achievement of sustainability (Hariram et al., 2023). In other words, questions on sustainability are not just about "what should be done?" and also on “how to get people to do it?” and “why are currently available interventions not yet fully utilized?” Such is required reflecting the findings of a body of previous research which accentuates that our main struggle in the global era we already in, is the discrepancy between awareness and action, between policy and practice, between scientific knowledge and behavior (Hariram et al., 2023; Kirchner-Krath et al., 2024). Global sustainability efforts often promoted into green technologies and environmental policies. It has shown that even well-designed interventions, the result not always in meaningful change. In several countries, some initiatives have fallen short because they overlook the psychological and socio-cultural factors that shape individual behavior and collective decision-making (de Costa et al., 2025). It also requires a deep understanding of community perspectives as expressed through local social norms and everyday practices. As a result, the presence of infrastructure or the financial support mechanism alone is not enough to drive meaningful change (Kinzig et al., 2013). Local context is another critical factor that shape adoption behavior and the extent to which proposed solutions are accepted and supported (Carmen et al., 2024; Syamsiyah et al., 2025). In this context, a more comprehensive understanding of environmental science is required. With the philosophy of environmental science, humans constitute is one of the three core dimensions, together with environmental and economic factors, and any effective approach that must balance to these elements. However, when modern environmental science, characterized by data analyses and methodologies is applied in practice, it often meets tensions with deeply rooted local and traditional knowledge systems that have shaped people’s perceptions and behaviors for generations (Ijatuyi et al., 2025). A clear example can be found in Bali, where the Subak irrigation system and the Danu Kerthi philosophy have guided water management for centuries. These practices represent living environmental systems rather than merely cultural heritage to be preserved. When traditional approaches are used into environmental science, conservation efforts are often more effective, as they are grounded in community acceptance and sustained through active local participation (Morse, 2025). This integration can serve as a recognition that centuries-old knowledge systems have legitimacy and effectiveness that must be combined with scientific monitoring and formal governance to achieve optimal conservation outcomes. Beyond the local context, the organizational context, both in the public and private sectors, can also act as a transformative agent in driving individual practices (Borrás et al., 2024; Keil et al., 2025). Green human resource management (GHRM) integrates environmental and individual lifecycle goals within an organization. This approach demonstrates how integrating understandings of desires can influence individual behaviour and drive organizational innovation that contributes to sustainability (Ahmad et al., 2025; Borrás et al., 2024; Keil et al., 2025; Shoaib et al., 2025). This 15th issue of the Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development focuses on an often overlooked yet fundamental dimension of sustainability: the ways in which human behavior, cultural and spiritual value systems, local institutional contexts, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern science collectively shape sustainable landscapes. Unlike previous editions that highlight biophysical and techno-ecological aspects, this issue shifts attention into questions of agency, motivation, beliefs, norms, and meaningful systems that highlight environmental decisions and actions. This perspective shows the critical need for interdisciplinary approaches to explaining contemporary sustainability challenges. Environmental issues today extend beyond ecological degradation to include human behavior and the capacity of diverse knowledge systems, scientific, local, and policy-based, to interact and function cohesively. Consequently, behavioral transformation supported by the integration of multiple knowledge systems represents a fundamental pathway toward effective, adaptive, and long-term sustainability action. The articles in this issue explore diverse geographic and sectoral contexts, ranging from the application of green transportation technologies, air management in urban-industrial versus traditional-tourism contexts, climate adaptation in agricultural communities, global natural resource management (GHRM) practices in the tourism sector, to indigenous wisdom-based lake conservation and sustainable food systems.Current Articles
Most Popular Articles
Original Research Article
31 July 2020
BORACAY ISLAND DESTINATION IMAGE THROUGH TRAVEL BLOGS
Destination images are important information for marketing professionals, local planners, and travel bloggers on social media. The rise of social media has allowed more tourists to share their knowledge, emotions, and experiences from their travels. However, despite the popularity of adapting online narratives to destination images, little or no qualitative analysis has been conducted about island’s sustainable tourism development in the Philippines using information from social media. One type of destination are small islands in the Philippines. The examination is worthwhile inasmuch as the literature has been silent on destination images of top island retreats in the country, although there are many negative images of overcrowded and unsustainable resorts posted by both international and local tourists. Method of this research are using data from 83 travel blogs written from January 2013 to February 2018by visitors of Boracay, the current study extracts underlying themes and subthemes relating to visitors’ overall impressions, cultural exchanges, economic development, and environmental changes. It was determined that tourists are interested in the white beaches, breathtaking landscapes, and varieties of activities offered, such as island-hopping and “mermaiding.” There is also evidence that Boracay continues to face issues concerning its sustainability, such as threats on its unfortunate transportation system, losing its cultural identity, uncontrolled urbanization, and unsustainable solid waste management practices. The findings here are useful for local government, small island tourism planners, and service providers in understanding visitor perceptions of quality and value, which in turn have influenced the island’s competitiveness and sustainability.Case-Based Article
31 December 2020
AN OVERVIEW OF PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING IN THE URBAN AREAS OF JAVA ISLAND IN INDONESIA
Plastic products have been an integral part of human lives. However, concerns over plastic pollution have been growing. Thus, alternative practices that allow more sustainable production and consumption pattern are urgently needed. Improving plastic recycling management is one of the solutions to prevent an increase in plastic pollution. This paper aims to uncover the potential of plastic recycling, to define factors that can leverage the expansion of the recycling process, and to evaluate possible measures that can realize such expansion, especially given the limited literature on these topics. Therefore, a four-month study, which involved two months of rigorous primary survey and interview and secondary data collection process to obtain valuable and accountable raw data, was conducted between October 2019–January 2020. The conducted study showed that the urban population in Java Island generated around 189,349 t of plastic waste per month, but only 11.83% of it was collected. The remaining 88.17% was either directly transported to landfills or littered in the environment. Five major plastic types were collected in the recycling stream, namely, rigid PP (25%), film HDPE (20%), rigid PET (20%), rigid HDPE (14%), and film PP (9%) with more than 80% of collected plastic waste originating from waste pickers. The paper highlights the major challenges in improving post-consumer recycling: (i) failure of post-consumer plastic recyclable to meet the quality industrial standard; (ii) limited recycling processes and infrastructure; (iii) low market demand for recycled products.Original Research Article
30 July 2021
PARASITE INFECTIONS IN POULTRY ENVIRONMENTS (CASE REPORT ON GALLUS DOMESTICUS ENDOPARASITE)
Infection of nematode and cestode worms in chickens can cause decreased egg production, weight loss, growth problems, weakness. The objective of this case study is to look at how an epidemiological approach, clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology investigation, and laboratory testing might help with disease diagnosis. The chicken was found from Banjar Tanggahan Tengah, Bangli, Bali with the type of native chicken (Gallus domesticus), at least 3 months old with the protocol number 369 / N / 20. Samples taken were brain, trachea, lungs, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, proventriculus, intestines, and feces. Laboratory examinations carried out include histopathology, microbiology, and parasitology. The results of the pathological examination of the case showed that there was bleeding in the lobes of the lungs and liver, heart, brain, and trachea, there was edema, the small intestine and cecum had bleeding and mucosal enteritis, the spleen was depleted, the proventriculus was inflamed. Microbiology laboratory test results with the culture of organ samples identified by Escherichia coli bacteria. The results of fecal and microscopic parasite examinations found eggs and worms of the nematodes Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria caudinflata, Tetrameres americana, cestode Raillietina sp., And oocyst Eimeria sp. the protozoan digestive system. It is recommended that farmers improve cage sanitation and maintenance management for better poultry environments. Thus, the chickens would not easily infect by endoparasites.Review Article
31 December 2019
COAL MINING SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Coal mining has been one of the issues that led to pros and cons in Indonesia. Research shows that mining activities are one of the factors that affect people’s incomes and local and national economic development. However, mining is a lucrative activity that leads to construction booms that attract population growth and lead to deforestation, thus affecting the environmental conditions of a region. The coal mining industry of Indonesian province of East Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo, provides most of the economic base needed to build the infrastructure and provide energy of the country. Kalimantan Province accounts for approximately 90 % of the entire country’s coal production. East Kalimantan, with its mining operations mainly in the district of Kutai and its expanded territory, is a major coal-producing region of the country. This article will examine how coal mining sector contributes to environmental conditions and Human Development Index (HDI) in the province of East Kalimantan. This research was conducted using a combination of scientific methods, including literature, spatial analysis using geographic information system (GIS) technology, and quantitative data analysis. From the analysis of the spatial issuance of coal mining permit in East Kalimantan, the coal mining sector has a direct impact on regional revenue and contributes indirectly to the HDI in the province of East Kalimantan. However, it turns out that the planning and management of natural resources field exploitation business licenses are not performed systematically. As a result, many problems arise, such as disputes over control and ownership of land (agrarian conflicts), damage to the landscape, deforestation, environmental pollution, and public health problems. Thus, anticipatory measures are needed by the government so that the economy of East Kalimantan Province remained stable and sustainable.Case-Based Article
31 December 2019
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TOFU PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLEANER PRODUCTION: CASE STUDY OF TOFU HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES IN SALATIGA, INDONESIA
Tofu is a soy-based food that is frequently consumed by Indonesian as a protein source. It is usually produced by household industries using traditional technology, which currently experiencing environmental problems with respect to the inefficiency of resource usage and inadequate waste disposal. Therefore, cleaner production strategy is potential to be implemented by previously mapping the current problems faced by the industries. This study aims to present an environmental analysis on tofu production in Salatiga in the context of cleaner production. In addition to provides information about the current production process and explains waste management performed by the industries, this study describes how the people in Kalitaman-Salatiga consider environmental issue around the tofu production. This study was conducted by a qualitative approach using interview, observation, and documentation. Laboratory analysis was conducted to provide supporting data. The results showed that only a small proportion of the tofu production process in Kalitaman meets the indicators for cleaner production in term of using raw materials efficiently and reusing solid wastes. Wastes in the form of smoke and wastewater are still disposed without prior treatment. The BOD5, COD, and TSS contents of tofu wastewater exceed the quality standard set by the Indonesian government. Although the respondents understand the negative impact of pollution to ecosystem, they are not yet concerned because it does not show a direct detrimental impact on their community. Therefore, raising environmental awareness is required in order to protect the ecosystem and to prevent environmental deterioration.Review Article
31 December 2019