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Abstract

Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity in coastal regions. Batam City is highly vulnerable to climate change. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rainfall, air humidity, population density, safe drinking water facilities, and access to latrines with the incidence of diarrhea and the spatial distribution based on climate factors in Batam City from 2020 to 2023. The study used an ecological study design with subdistricts as the unit of analysis. Aggregate secondary data were obtained from the Batam City Public Health Office, Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Batam City, and NASA POWER. The analysis of the data included univariate and bivariate analysis using Spearman's correlation test, as well as spatial analysis using QGIS version 3.34. The results showed that rainfall had a negative correlation (r=−0.730 and p<0.001), air humidity had no significant correlation (r=0.133 and p=0.367), population density showed a positive correlation (r=0.580 and p<0.001), safe drinking water facilities showed a negative correlation (r=−0.419 and p=0.003), and access to sanitary toilets showed a negative correlation (r=−0.379 and p=0.022).Spatial analysis indicates that Batam City is vulnerable to high rates of diarrhea, followed by low rainfall and humidity. This study recommends improving safe drinking water facilities and access to sanitary toilets, as well as developing environmental sanitation infrastructure in densely populated areas that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change.


References

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Bahasa Abstract

Diare merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas di wilayah pesisir. Kota Batam memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan curah hujan, kelembapan udara, kepadatan penduduk, sarana air minum aman, dan akses jamban sehat terhadap kejadian diare serta menganalisis sebaran spasial berdasarkan faktor iklim di Kota Batam tahun 2020-2023. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan unit analisis kecamatan. Data sekunder agregat dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Batam, Badan Pusat Statistik, dan NASA POWER. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman, dan analisis spasial menggunakan QGIS versi 3.34. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan (r=−0,730 dan p<0,001), kelembapan udara tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan (r=0,133 dan p=0,367), kepadatan penduduk menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan (r=0,580 dan p<0,001), sarana air minum aman berkorelasi negatif yang signifikan (r=−0,419 dan p=0,003), dan akses jamban sehat berkorelasi negatif yang signifikan (r=−0,379 dan p=0,022). Analisis spasial mengindikasikan bahwa Batam Kota menjadi wilayah yang rentan terhadap kejadian diare yang tinggi diikuti dengan curah hujan dan kelembapan udara yang rendah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sarana air minum aman dan akses jamban sehat, serta pengembangan infrastruktur sanitasi lingkungan di kawasan padat penduduk dan rawan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim.

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