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Abstract

Polio vaccination coverage in Indonesia was uneven across provinces. Based on data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Profile, the coverage of complete oral polio vaccination for infants in Indonesia reached 91,7%, while polio injection vaccination reached only 46,8%. DKI Jakarta was one of the regions with high oral polio vaccination coverage (101.7%), whereas DI Yogyakarta was among the regions with low oral polio vaccination coverage (73.3%). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with polio vaccination among children under five years old in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta in 2017 using IDHS data from 2017. The study used a quantitative method with a cross- sectional study design with a total sample size of 426 mothers. The dependent variable in this study was polio vaccination in toddlers, while the independent variables were maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, wealth index, place of delivery, and accessibility to health services. The analyses consisted of univariate analysis to describe all variables, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression.The results of this study showed that polio vaccination coverage in DKI Jakarta was 52.8%, while in DI Yogyakarta it was only 18.3%. There was a significant association between maternal age and polio vaccination among children aged 0 - 59 months in DKI Jakarta (p-value = 0.009) and a significant association between maternal occupation and polio vaccination among children aged 0 - 59 months in DI Yogyakarta (p-value = 0.03). The government was advised to continue monitoring and evaluation in high vaccination coverage areas so that group immunity in these areas could be maintained and improved. For low vaccination coverage areas, efforts to increase vaccination coverage needed to be optimized.

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Bahasa Abstract

Cakupan vaksinasi polio di Indonesia belum merata di seluruh Provinsi. Berdasarkan data dari Profil Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017, cakupan vaksinasi oral polio lengkap pada bayi di Indonesia mencapai 91,7% dan vaksinasi suntik polio hanya 46,8%. DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan cakupan vaksinasi oral tinggi (101,7%), sedangkan DI Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan cakupan vaksinasi oral rendah (73,3%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian vaksinasi polio pada balita di DKI Jakarta dan DI Yogyakarta tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan data SDKI tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah total sampel sebanyak 426 ibu, Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah vaksinasi polio pada balita sementara variabel independennya yaitu usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, indeks kekayaan, tempat persalinan, dan aksesibilitas ke pelayanan kesehatan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat untuk melihat gambaran deskriptif dari seluruh variabel yang akan dianalisis, analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji statistik regresi logistik ganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cakupan vaksinasi polio di DKI Jakarta adalah 52,8% sedangkan di DI Yogyakarta hanya 18,3%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia ibu dengan pemberian vaksinasi polio pada anak usia 0 – 59 bulan di DKI Jakarta (p-value = 0,009) dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian vaksinasi polio pada anak usia 0 – 59 bulan di DI Yogyakarta (p-value = 0,03). Pemerintah disarankan untuk tetap melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi di wilayah cakupan vaksinasi tinggi supaya kekebalan kelompok di wilayah tersebut dapat dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan. Untuk di wilayah cakupan vaksinasi rendah perlu adanya upaya peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi yang lebih optimal.

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