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Abstract

In 2022, the Province of DKI Jakarta ranked fourth with the highest coverage of pneumonia in toddlers (53.2%), exceeding Indonesia's toddler pneumonia coverage (38.78%). Pneumonia is influenced by various risk factors, including environmental factors such as climate and weather conditions as well as air pollution, and social and behavioral factors such as toddler characteristics, parental socioeconomic status, and access to health care services. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between climate factors (air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and air pressure), pollutant factors (PM10, SO2, CO, O3, NO2), and parents' socioeconomic factors (education and occupation) on the proportion of pneumonia in toddlers in DKI Jakarta from 2013 to 2022. The ecological study design used secondary data, analyzing the proportion of pneumonia per month in DKI Jakarta. Data were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. The results showed a significant decrease in toddler pneumonia proportion in 2020–2021 due to COVID-19. Pollutants such as CO decreased at the end of the period, while SO2 levels increased. A significant relationship was found between rainfall, air pressure, PM10 CO, SO2, and parental occupation with low socioeconomic status on the proportion of toddler pneumonia in DKI Jakarta from 2013 to 2022.

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Bahasa Abstract

Pada tahun 2022, Provinsi DKI Jakarta menempati urutan ke-empat dengan cakupan pneumonia balita tertinggi (53,2%) melebihi cakupan pneumonia balita Indonesia (38,78%). Pneumonia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor risiko, termasuk faktor lingkungan berupa iklim dan cuaca serta polusi udara, serta faktor sosial dan perilaku seperti karakteristik balita, sosioekonomi orang tua, dan akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor iklim (suhu udara, kelembaban relatif, curah hujan dan tekanan udara), faktor polutan (PM10, SO2, CO, O3, NO2), dan faktor sosioekonomi orang tua (pendidikan dan pekerjaan) terhadap proporsi pneumonia pada balita di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2013 – 2022. Desain studi ekologi menggunakan data sekunder dengan unit analisis proporsi pneumonia perbulan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS Versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proporsi pneumonia balita menurun signifikan pada 2020 – 2021 akibat COVID-19. Faktor polutan seperti CO mengalami penurunan di akhir periode, sementara faktor polutan seperti SO2 cenderung meningkat. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara curah hujan, tekanan udara, PM10, CO, SO2, dan jenis pekerjaan orang tua dari status sosioekonomi rendah terhadap proporsi pneumonia balita Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2013 – 2022.

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