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Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is an infectious disease with the third highest mortality rate in children under 5 years of age globally. The Indonesian Ministry of Health states that 88% of deaths from diarrhea in children are caused by poor sanitation practices and inadequate quality of drinking water sources. This study aims to describe the distribution of the quality of drinking water sources and the prevalence of diarrhea in all provinces in Indonesia. Methods: This study used an ecological study approach with secondary aggregate data from Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 and Studi Kualitas Air Minum Rumah Tangga (SKAM RT) 2020. The independent variable in this study was the quality of drinking water sources and the dependent variable was the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five. This study looked at all provinces in Indonesia with the number of provinces analyzed was 34 provinces according to the SKAM RT 2020 data. Results: The results showed that there were differences of prevalence of diarrhea in children under five years old with the highest prevalence in Papua (16.6%) and the lowest in Kepulauan Riau (1.4%). The quality of drinking water sources also varied with the highest percentage of unfit drinking water sources in Sulawesi Barat (21.6%) and the lowest in DKI Jakarta (0.0%). Conclusions: High variation in diarrhea prevalence and the quality of drinking water sources across provinces in Indonesia highlights the infrastructure gap between urban and rural areas, suggesting that rural areas require more specialised attention.

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Bahasa Abstract

Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan penyakit menular dengan tingkat mortalitas tertinggi ketiga pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun secara global. Kementerian Kesehatan RI menyatakan bahwa 88% kematian akibat diare pada anak-anak disebabkan oleh praktik sanitasi yang buruk serta kualitas sumber air minum yang tidak layak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan distribusi kualitas sumber air minum dan kejadian diare pada seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi ekologi dengan data agregat sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dan Studi Kualitas Air Minum Rumah Tangga (SKAM RT) 2020. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah kualitas sumber air minum dan variabel dependen adalah kejadian diare pada balita. Penelitian ini melihat seluruh provinsi di Indonesia dengan jumlah provinsi yang dianalisis adalah 34 provinsi sesuai data SKAM RT tahun 2020. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi prevalensi diare pada balita antar provinsi dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Papua (16,6%) dan terendah di Kepulauan Riau (1,4%). Kualitas sumber air minum juga bervariasi dengan persentase sumber air minum tidak layak tertinggi di Sulawesi Barat (21,6%) dan terendah di DKI Jakarta (0,0%). Pada beberapa provinsi dengan sumber air minum layak yang tinggi, prevalensi diare pada balita di provinsi tersebut juga tinggi, seperti Papua yang memiliki akses air minum layak sebesar 95,8% mencatat prevalensi diare tertinggi se-Indonesia. Kesimpulan: Variasi yang tinggi pada angka prevalensi diare dan kualitas sumber air minum di provinsi di Indonesia menyoroti kesenjangan infrastruktur daerah perkotaan yang lebih maju dibanding perdesaan sehingga pedesaan memerlukan perhatian yang lebih khusus.

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