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Abstract

One of indoor pollutants that is a public health problem is formaldehyde. Formaldehyde exposure may cause lung function impairment. Children and adolescents spend most of their time in indoor environments, especially in schools. The objective of this research is to examine the association between indoor formaldehyde concentrations with obstructive pulmonary function impairment among Junior High School students in Depok. Cross-sectional studies were conducted at three SMP in Depok. Measurement of formaldehyde concentrations using direct reading FormaldemeterTM htv and condition of lung function obtained through inspection with spirometer. Sample of research is 150 students taken with multistage sampling. The results showed that mean value of formaldehyde concentration is 0,038 ppm and mean lung function (FEV1 / FVC) of Junior High School students in Depok was 94,31%. There was no significant association between indoor formaldehyde concentrations with obstructive pulmonary function impairment. There was no significant association between other risk factors (nutritional status, physical activity, smoking behavior, smokers in the house and the use of mosquito repellent) with obstructive pulmonary function impairment. Students with low physical activity at risk 1,253 times higher to experience obstructive pulmonary function impairment than students with moderate physical activity (CI: 0.203-7.725). Students using mosquito repellent at risk 1,898 times higher than did not use mosquito repellent (CI: 0,308-11,705). The concentration of formaldehyde at SMP in Depok remained below the Threshold Value. It is strongly recommended to do further research with other health symptoms caused by formaldehyde exposure and other types of lung function.

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Salah satu polutan indoor yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat adalah formaldehid. Pemajanan formaldehid dalam ruang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi paru. Anak-anak dan remaja menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya di lingkungan indoor terutama di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi formaldehid dalam ruang dengan gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Depok. Studi cross-sectional dilakukan di tiga SMP Depok. Sampel penelitian adalah 150 siswa yang diambil dengan multistage sampling. Pengukuran konsentrasi formaldehid menggunakan FormaldemeterTM htv dan kondisi fungsi paru diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan dengan spirometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata konsentrasi formaldehid adalah 0,038 ppm dan fungsi paru (FEV1/FVC) siswa SMP di Depok yaitu 94,31%. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi formaldehid dalam ruang dengan gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor risiko lain (status gizi, aktivitas fisik, perilaku merokok, perokok dalam rumah, dan penggunaan obat nyamuk) dengan gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif. Siswa dengan aktivitas fisik yang rendah berisiko 1,253 kali mengalami gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif dibandingkan siswa yang aktivitas fisiknya cukup (CI: 0,203-7,725). Siswa yang menggunakan obat nyamuk berisiko 1,898 kali mengalami gangguan fungsi paru obstruktif dibandingkan dengan siswa yang tidak menggunakan obat nyamuk (CI: 0,308-11,705). Konsentrasi formaldehid pada SMP di Depok masih berada di bawah Nilai Ambang Batas. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan gejala kesehatan lain yang disebabkan oleh pajanan formaldehid dan uji fungsi paru jenis lainnya.

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