•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Particulate Matter2.5 is becoming international concern due to its unique nature. With a size less than 25 microns, these pollutants can penetrate deep to the alveoli. Consisting of a variety of materials and capable of plastering by toxic chemical pollutants, the toxicity of PM2.5 cannot yet be determined with certainty. One of the important sources of PM2.5 is the road traffic. Populations close to the source of exposure will have potential hazards, one place with a densely populated such as school. Schools close to the highway may be the site of exposure to students with PM2.5. Students are vulnerable group that inhale more concentrations of pollutants than adults, a risk analysis of PM2 exposure to school students is required. The daily intake of PM2.5 students is in the range of 7.30 × 10-5-14.4 × 10-4 mg / kg / day, the calculation of non carcinogenic risk is 0.02-0.36, this range is below the value of 1 so it can be that the hazards are not considered a threat to public health.

References

  1. Alves, C., Nunes, T., Silva, J., & Duarte, M. (2013). Comfort Parameters and Particulate Matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5) in School Classroom and Out-door Air. Aerosol and Air Quality Research Vol. 5, 1-15.
  2. Butler, D. A., Madhavan, G., & Alper, J. (2016). Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Particulate Matter Workshop Summary. Washington, D.C: National Academy of Sciences.
  3. Cal/EPA. (2001). A Guide to Health Risk Assessment. California: EPA.
  4. CDC. (2017, December 11). Healthy Schools. Retrieved from Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/about.htm
  5. Choo, L., Jalaludin, J., Hamedon, T., & Adam, N. (2015). Preschools’ indoor air quality and respiratory health symptoms among preschoolers in Selangor. Procedia Environmental Sciences Vol. 30, 303-308.
  6. Donahue, N. M. (2018). Chapter 3.2 Air Pollution and Air Quality. In B. Thorok, & T. Dransfield, Green Chemistry An Inclusive Approach (pp. 151-176). Boston: Candice Janco.
  7. Du, Y., Xu, X., Chu, M., Guo, Y., & Wang, J. (2016). Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evindence. Journal of Thoracic Disease Volume 8 Number1, E8-E19.
  8. Ekmekcioglu, D., & Keskin, S. (2007). Characterization of Indoor Air Particulate Matter in Selected Elementary Schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Indoor Built Environment, 169-176.
  9. EPA. ((a) 2018, January 10). Schools. Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency: https://www.epa.gov/schools/why-healthy-school-environments-are-important
  10. Jia, Y.-Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, T. (2017). Toxicity Research of PM2,5 Compositions in Vitro. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 14, 1-17.
  11. Khan, M., Latif, M., Juneng, L., & Amil, N. (2015). Physicochemical factors and sources of particulate matter at residential urban environment in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2162-2906.
  12. Laden, F., Schwartz, J., Speizer, F., & Dockery, D. (2006). Reduction in Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Madicine Volume 173, 667 -672.
  13. Mesti , H. E., & Edwards, R. (2011). Global burden of disease as a result of indoor air pollution in Shaanxi, Hubei and Zhejiang, China. Science of the Total Environment Volume 409, 1391-1398.
  14. Ni, L., Chuang, C.-C., & Zuo, L. (2015). Fine Particulate Matter in Acute Exacerbation of COPD. Frontier in Physiology Volume 6, 1-10.
  15. Sacks, J., Stanek, L., Luben, T., Johns, D., Buckley, B., Brown, J., & Ross, M. (2011). Particulate Matter-Induced Health Effects: Who Is Susceptible. Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 119, 446-454.
  16. Senlin, L., Zhenkun, Y., Xiaohui, C., Minghong, W., Guoying, S., Jiamo, F., & Paul, D. (2008). The relationship between physicochemical characterization and potential toxicity in particulates (PM2,5) in Shanghai atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment Volume 42, 7205-7214.
  17. Tomczak, A., Miller, A., Weichenthal, S., To, T., Wall, C., Donkeelar, A., . . . Villeneuve, P. (2016). Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution ther risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian Nationa Breast Screening Study. International Journal of Cancer Volume 139, 1958-1966.
  18. Turk, Y. A., & Kavraz, M. (2011). Air Pollutants and Its Effects on Human Healthy: The Case of the City of Trabzon. Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies, 251-268.
  19. Turner, M., Krewski, D., III, C., Chen, Y., Gapstur, S., & Thun, M. (2011). Long-term Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in a Latge Dohort of Never-Smokers. American Journal Respiration Criteria Care Medical Volume 184, 1374-1381.
  20. Wang, J., & Ogawa, S. (2015). Effects of Meteorological Conditions on PM2.5 Concentrations in Nagasaki, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 12, 9089-9101.
  21. Wang, X., He, S., & Cheng, S. (2018). patiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Zhejiang Province. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol 15, 583.
  22. WHO. (2006). Health risks of particulate matter from long-ranging transboundary air pollution. Copenhagen: WHO.
  23. WHO. (2014). PHE. Retrieved from Worl Health Organization: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/faqs_air_pollution.pdf

Bahasa Abstract

Particulate Matter2.5 merupakan polutan yang menjadi perhatian karena sifatnya yang unik. Dengan ukuran kurang dari 25 mikron, polutan ini dapat masuk hingga alveoli. Terdiri dari berbagai bahan dan mampu ditempeli oleh polutan kimia toksik, toksisitas PM2.5 belum dapat ditentukan secara pasti. Salah satu s sumber PM2.5 yang penting yaitu jalan raya. Populasi yang dekat dengan sumber pajanan akan memiliki potensi bahaya, salah satu tempat dengan populasi yang padat yaitu sekolah.Sekolah yang dekat dengan jalan raya dapat menjadi tempat terpajannya siswa dengan PM2.5. Siswa merupakan kelompok rentan yang menghirup lebih banyak konsentrasi polutan dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa, diperlukan suatu analisis risiko kesehatan pajanan PM2.5 pada siswa sekolah. Asupan harian PM2.5 siswa berada pada rentang 7.30×10-5-14.4×10-4 mg/kg/hari, perhitungan risiko non karsinogenik bernilai dari 0.02-0.36 rentang ini berada dibawah nilai 1 sehingga dapat dikatakan aman.

Share

COinS