Nuclear Neuroimaging Approaches to Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Insights and Future Directions

Authors

• Shivani Daksh, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi 110054, IndiaFollow
• Anupriya Adhikari, Graphic Era Hill University, Uttarakhand 248002, India 3. Centre for Promotion of Research, Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun, Uttarakhand 24800, IndiaFollow
• Nikhil Kumar, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi 110054, IndiaFollow
• Garima Mann, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi 110054, IndiaFollow
• Anupama Datta, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi 110054, IndiaFollow

Abstract

The aftermath of a traumatic brain injury is characterized by a state of disruption, progressing into secondary injury and culminating in a complex network of interconnected pathophysiological disturbances.  The potential risk of developing neurological disorders after TBI highlights the pressing need to enhance our understanding and develop therapeutic in-terventions to alleviate its devastating consequences. Traumatic brain injury can lead to a range of problems, including pain, swelling, axonal degeneration, and chronic amnestic and non-amnestic cognitive impairments. The first and essential step in the management of TBI is to identify and characterize the clinical symptoms. This systematic review outlines the established frameworks for classifying brain injuries and the comprehensive clinical assessment tools for evaluating the stages of neurotrauma. Besides, the review highlights the potential of protein biomarkers identified by state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques as a tool to identify asymptomatic individuals at risk of neurodegeneration. In view of the he-terogeneous clinical presentation of TBI, the following sections include a description of the various animal models de-veloped to recapitulate the effects of TBI, the pathophysiological changes are considered promising targets for future therapeutic interventions, and the current and prospective treatment and management approaches for this invisible disease.

Recommended Citation

Daksh, Shivani; Adhikari, Anupriya; Kumar, Nikhil; Mann, Garima; and Datta, Anupama (2026) "Nuclear Neuroimaging Approaches to Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Insights and Future Directions," Makara Journal of Science: Vol. 30: Iss. 3, Article 9.
DOI: 10.7454/mss.v30i3.2870
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/science/vol30/iss3/9