•  
  •  
 

Abstract

In order to investigate the inconsistent interpretations of the Constitutional Court regarding the age requirements for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, this study will analyze the dynamics of determining age requirements from the perspective of the 1945 Constitution and the principles of constitutionalism. A socio-legal approach is used in the normative research method to analyze the Constitutional Court's decisions in light of the social and political factors that shaped them. According to the results, Constitutional Court Ruling No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 marks a turning point in the evolution of Indonesian constitutional law. Initially, there was no strict interpretation of the age limits for presidential and vice-presidential candidates. The nation’s founders placed greater emphasis on aspects of maturity, wisdom, and closeness to the people as substantive constitutional meanings. However, following the reform era, this norm was codified into a 40-year age limit as a form of legal certainty. This is linked to the political context that exerted a strong influence on the emergence of this decision. Indications of a conflict of interest, inconsistencies between this ruling and previous similar cases, and the presence of a sharp dissenting opinion suggest that the independence and integrity of the constitutional court are being tested. This study underscores the importance of exploring constitutional meaning that is not merely text-based, but also grounded in values, objectives, and indications of conflicts of interest, inconsistencies between rulings and previous similar cases, and the presence of strongly worded dissenting opinions suggest that the independence and integrity of the constitutional court are being put to the test. This study emphasises the importance of interpreting constitutional meaning not merely on the basis of the text, but also on the values, objectives, and spirit of the constitution. Without this, legal rulings risk losing public legitimacy and undermining trust in the judiciary. Therefore, this study concludes that Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 is not merely a change in the age requirement, but a reflection of a deeper issue, namely the tension between law and power, as well as the urgent need to re-strengthen the integrity of the constitution, free from political intervention.

Bahasa Abstract

Untuk menyelidiki interpretasi yang tidak konsisten dari MK mengenai persyaratan usia bagi calon presiden serta wakil presiden, penelitian ini akan melaksanakan analisis dinamika penentuan persyaratan usia dari perspektif Konstitusi 1945 serta prinsip-prinsip konstitusionalisme. Pendekatan sosial-hukum dipakai pada metode penelitian normatif untuk melaksanakan analisis keputusan MKs dengan mempertimbangan sejumlah faktor sosial dan politik yang membentuknya. Mengacu hasil penelitian, putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 menandai titik balik pada evolusi hukum konstitusi Indonesia. Awalnya, tidak ada interpretasi yang ketat mengenai batasan usia bagi calon presiden serta wakil presiden. Para pendiri bangsa lebih menekankan pada aspek kematangan, kebijaksanaan, serta kedekatan dengan rakyat sebagai makna konstitusional yang mempunyai sifat substantif. Namun, pasca reformasi, norma tersebut di positivisasi menjadi batas usia 40 tahun sebagai bentuk kepastian hukum. Kondisi itu berhubungan dengan konteks politik yang mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam lahirnya putusan ini. Indikasi konflik kepentingan, inkonsistensi putusan dengan perkara sejenis sebelumnya, serta adanya dissenting opinion yang tajam menunjukkan bahwa independensi dan integritas lembaga peradilan konstitusi sedang diuji. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penggalian makna konstitusional yang bukan saja berbasis teks, tapi juga nilai, tujuan, serta semangat konstitusi. Tanpa hal tersebut, putusan hukum berpotensi kehilangan legitimasi publik serta merusak kepercayaan terhadap lembaga peradilan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menegaskan yakni putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 bukan sekadar perubahan norma usia, melainkan refleksi dari masalah yang lebih dalam, yaitu ketegangan antara hukum dan kekuasaan, serta kebutuhan mendesak untuk memperkuat kembali integritas konstitusi yang bebas dari intervensi politik.

References

 Buku

Asshiddiqie, Jimly. 2010. “Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika).” Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, Edisi Revisi. 2019. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara. 1 ed. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Banakar, Reza, serta Max Travers. 2005. “Law, Sociology and Method.” In Theory and Method in Socio-Legal, 1 ed. Omati: Hart Publishing Oxford and Portland Oregon.

Diamond, Larry. 2008. The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World. New York: Times Books.

Fukuyama, Francis. 2014. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

 Jurnal

Aydın-Çakır, Aylin. 2014. “Judicialization of politics by elected politicians.” Polit. Res. Q. 67 (3). Yeditepe University, Atasehir -Istanbul, Turkey: SAGE Publications: 489–503. doi:10.1177/1065912914533997.

Backes, Uwe, serta Thomas Lindenberger. 2023. Civil Democracy Protection: Success Conditions of Non-Governmental Organisations in Comparison. Civil Democracy Protection: Success Conditions of Non-Governmental Organisations in Comparison. doi:10.4324/9781003321880.

Bedner, Adriaan. 2021. Administrative Courts in Indonesia: A Socio-legal Study. Leiden: Briil. doi:10.1163/9789004481992.

Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina, serta Dwi Putri Cahyawati. 2023. “Conflict of interest prevention clause in the constitution: The study of the Indonesian Constitution.” Heliyon 9 (3). Elsevier Ltd: e14679. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14679.

Indrayana, Denny, serta Zainal Arifin Mochtar. 2025. “Komparasi Sifat Mengikat Putusan Judicial Review MK Serta pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara.” In, 19:335–485. https://dictionary.apa.org/chronological-age.

Kurnia, Titon Slamet. 2025. “Kritik Terhadap Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Memakai Pendekatan Hak Dworkin.” Jurnal Konstitusi 22 (1). Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia: 157–77. doi:10.31078/jk2217.

Kurnia, Titon Slamet. 2025. “Kritik Terhadap Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Memakai Pendekatan Hak Dworkin.” Jurnal Konstitusi 22 (1). Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia: 157–77. doi:10.31078/jk2217.

Mahsabihul Ardhi, Muhammad Hanif, serta Wahyu Priyanka Nata Permana. 2024. “Konstitusionalitas Pengaturan Usia Calon Presiden Serta wakil Presiden.” LEX RENAISSANCE 9 (1): 23–40. doi:10.20885/jlr.vol9.iss1.art2.

Mahsabihul Ardhi, Muhammad Hanif, serta Wahyu Priyanka Nata Permana. 2024. “Konstitusionalitas Pengaturan Usia Calon Presiden Serta wakil Presiden.” LEX RENAISSANCE 9 (1): 23–40. doi:10.20885/jlr.vol9.iss1.art2.

Meyerson, Denise. 2006. “Understanding jurisprudence.” Understanding Jurisprudence, 1–210. doi:10.4324/9780203867877.

Norris, Pippa. 2012. “The New Politics of Patronage: A Comparison of Parties, Elections, and Corruption in Developing Countries.” Political Studies 60: 1–20.

Rasji, Rasji, Agatha Augustin, serta Frangky Jonatan. 2024. “Analisis Putusan MK No. 90/PUU/XXI/2023 Tentang Persyaratan Batas Usia Pencalonan Presiden serta wakil Presiden.” Journal of Law, Education and Business 2 (2): 1002–8. doi:10.57235/jleb.v2i2.2894.

Schedler, Andreas. 2002. “The Menu of Manipulation.” Journal of Democracy 13 (2): 36–50.

Wahyuni, Risa Nur, Almira Dhevany, serta Noer Falaq Al Amin. 2024. “Analisis Pengambilan Keputusan MK Terhadap Batas Usia Calon Presiden dan Calon Wakil Presiden Memakai Pendekatan Problem Tree Analysis.” Indonesian Journal of Public Administration Review 1 (2): 11. doi:10.47134/par.v1i2.2415.

 Makalah

Harijanti, Susi Dwi. 2025. “Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia Sistematika Pendahuluan : kata-kata inspirasi Supremasi konstitusi Materi muatan konstitusi Perubahan konstitusi Perkembangan konstitusi di Indonesia Penutup.” Kerja Serupa Pusat Pendidikan Pancasila dan Konstitusi MK Republik Indonesia-Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Islam.

Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

———. 1945. Putusan No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023, Pengujian Materiil Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun.

———. 2023a. Pengujian Materiil Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Pertimbangan Hukum mayoritas.

———. 2023b. Putusan No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Diucapkan pada tanggal 16 Oktober.

Indonesia, MK Republik. n.d. Putusan No. 29/PUU-XXI/2023; Putusan No. 51/PUU-XXI/2023.

MKMK. 2023. Putusan Majelis Kehormatan MK. Indonesia: No. 2/MKMK/L/11/2023.

 Internet

“Wacana Tiga Periode dan Bayang-Bayang Otoritarianisme.” n.d. In Majalah Tempo, 20 Maret 2022. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana wacana perpanjangan kekuasaan menjadi latar belakang manuver politik Jokowi.

CNN. 2022. “Profil Guntur Hamzah.” In. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221123131617-12-877601/profil-guntur-hamzah-sekjen-mk-jadi-hakim-gantikan-aswanto.

Isra, Saldi. n.d. “Argumen Berbeda (Dissenting Opinion) pada putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023," dikutip dalam "Rangkuman ‘Dissenting Opinion’ Para Hakim MK di Putusan Usia Capres-Cawapres.” K Kompas. 2023. “Rangkuman ‘Dissenting Opinion’ Para Hakim MK di Putusan Usia Capres-Cawapres,” Maret 19. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/10/17/09463791/rangkumandissenting-opinion-para-hakim-mk-di-putusan-usia-capres-cawapres?page=all.kompas.com, 17–2023.

Susanti, Bivitri. n.d. “Putusan MK 90/PUU-XXI/2023: Karpet Merah Dinasti Politik?” Kolom Hukum Jentera, diakses pada tanggal 3 Juni 2023 23.

Download

Share

COinS