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DOI

10.21143/jhp.vol55.no.3.2218

Abstract

Meskipun terdapat pengakuan konstitusional di Indonesia dan Australia, hak-hak masyarakat adat dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam masih lemah perlindungannya, terutama karena kerangka kerja Indonesia yang terfragmentasi dan tersentralisasi gagal mewujudkan keadilan lingkungan. Makalah ini membandingkan rezim hukum Indonesia dan Australia terkait tata kelola lahan dan sumber daya masyarakat adat untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana pengakuan dapat diubah menjadi hak yang dapat ditegakkan dan untuk merumuskan model reformasi yang berorientasi pada keadilan bagi Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan analisis hukum komparatif kualitatif, makalah ini menggabungkan observasi doktrinal terhadap yurisprudensi konstitusional, peraturan-undangan, dan yurisprudensi dengan pemeriksaan dokumen kebijakan dan konflik ilustratif yang melibatkan wilayah masyarakat adat di kedua negara. Makalah ini menemukan adanya keselarasan yang terus-menerus antara pengakuan simbolis dan substantif di Indonesia, sementara Australia mencapai prosedur perlindungan yang lebih kuat tetapi pembagian manfaatnya tidak merata; Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengakuan keberlanjutan membutuhkan reformasi kelembagaan, FPIC wajib dalam undang-undang sektoral, mekanisme tata kelola bersama, dan harmonisasi regulasi pusat-daerah.

Bahasa Abstract

Meskipun terdapat pengakuan konstitusional di Indonesia dan Australia, hak-hak masyarakat adat dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam masih lemah perlindungannya, terutama karena kerangka kerja Indonesia yang terfragmentasi dan tersentralisasi gagal mewujudkan keadilan lingkungan. Makalah ini membandingkan rezim hukum Indonesia dan Australia terkait tata kelola lahan dan sumber daya masyarakat adat untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana pengakuan dapat ditransformasikan menjadi hak-hak yang dapat ditegakkan dan untuk merumuskan model reformasi yang berorientasi pada keadilan bagi Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan analisis hukum komparatif kualitatif, makalah ini menggabungkan observasi doktrinal terhadap yurisprudensi konstitusional, peraturan-undangan, dan yurisprudensi dengan pemeriksaan dokumen kebijakan dan konflik ilustratif yang melibatkan wilayah masyarakat adat di kedua negara. Makalah ini menemukan adanya keselarasan yang terus-menerus antara pengakuan simbolis dan substantif di Indonesia, sementara Australia mencapai prosedur perlindungan yang lebih kuat tetapi pembagian manfaatnya tidak merata; Makalah reformasi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengakuan yang berkelanjutan membutuhkan kelembagaan, FPIC wajib dalam undang-undang sektoral, mekanisme tata kelola bersama, dan harmonisasi regulasi pusat-daerah

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