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DOI

10.21143/jhp.vol54.no2.1626

Abstract

An agreement creates an obligation, which is a legal relationship between the parties. If one party fails to fulfill its duties to the other party as promised, it is considered a breach of contract by one party against the other. One of the external factors that disrupt contract execution is a disruption event. In contrast to the concepts of force majeure and hardship, which have been acknowledged in Indonesian law, the argument of disruption events has not been recognized, even in the context of legal literature. However, in certain contracts with extended durations, the concept of disruption event has been incorporated into the creation of an accidental provision. This accidental provision is intended to address unforeseen events that may impair the contract's implementation. Given the importance of regulating disruption events in the agreement clause to anticipate the legal consequences that arise if an event occurs that disrupts the implementation of the contract, this research raises two issues: 1) What is the nature or essence of a disruption event? and 2) How is the formulation of an anticipatory disruption event clause in the contract? As a result of the research, it can be concluded that a disruption event is an unpredictable event that significantly impacts the industry and business. 2) A disruption event clause must at least contain information about the following: the definition of a disruption event, the scope or limits of a disruption event, the obligation to notify the affected party of a disruption event, the legal effects of a disruption event on contractual obligations and on the relationship between contractors, and the possibility of negotiation.

Bahasa Abstract

Perjanjian melahirkan perikatan, yaitu hubungan hukum bagi para pihak. Apabila dalam hubungan hukum ini terjadi suatu keadaan di mana salah satu pihak tidak memenuhi prestasinya kepada pihak lain sesuai apa yang dijanjikan, kondisi ini merupakan keadaan cidera janji atau wanprestasi oleh salah satu pihak terhadap pihak lainnya. Salah satu faktor eksternal yang mengganggu pelaksanaan kontrak adalah adanya disruption event. Berbeda dengan force majeure dan hardship yang telah dikenal dalam hukum Indonesia, dalil disruption event belum dikenal, bahkan belum ada dalam pembahasan literatur hukum. Namun dalam beberapa kontrak, yang umumnya memiliki jangka waktu panjang, dalil disruption events sudah dicantumkan dalam penyusunan klausula aksidentalianya. Klausul disruption events ini dirancang untuk mengantisipasi peristiwa tak terduga yang mengganggu pelaksanaan kontrak. Mengingat pentingnya pengaturan disruption event dalam klausula perjanjian untuk mengantisipasi akibat hukum yang timbul apabila terjadi peristiwa yang mengganggu pelaksanaan kontrak, maka riset ini mengangkat dua permasalahan: 1) apa hakekat atau esensi dari disruptiun event, dan 2) bagaimana formulasi klausula antisipatif distruption event dalam kontrak. Sebagai hasil penelitian: 1) disruption event merupakan peristiwa yang sifatnya tidak dapat diprediksi, yang secara signifikan berdampak bagi industri maupun bisnis. 2) Suatu klausula disruption event setidaknya harus memuat keterangan tentang: pengertian disruption event, lingkup atau batasan disruption event, kewajiban pemberitahuan adanya disruption event dari pihak yang terdampak, akibat hukum disruption event terhadap kewajiban kontraktual dan terhadap hubungan para kontraktan, serta kemungkinan ada atau tidaknya negosiasi.

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