•  
  •  
 

DOI

10.21143/jhp.vol54.no1.1583

Abstract

This article discusses legal and political issues related to marijuana in global literature and its influence in the Indonesian context. Moreover, this article also tries to predict the dynamics of the ongoing reform process related to Indonesian narcotic laws. To achieve such missions, mainly, this article summarizes the debate within marijuana literature and highlights its influence within the Indonesian context. The first part of this article discusses the legal and political dynamics of marijuana laws globally. Here, this article found that there is a paradigm shift toward marijuana use -- from a crime problem to a health problem. Subsequently, this article also analyzes whether such a paradigm shift might happen in Indonesia. In the end, this article found that such a paradigm shift will not likely occur in Indonesia because of several reasons. First, there is a tendency for Indonesian lawmakers to treat marijuana issues with the communitarianism principle. As a result, it makes the government act as a "moral guardian" for its citizens. This is because the use of marijuana is not only treated as a legal issue but also a moral one. The process of internalization of previous laws creates a negative moral stigma. As a consequence, a paradigm shift in the reform will face tough challenges. The recent criminal code (KUHAP nasional) also introduces the punitive drug law's logic. Lastly, the flexibility in interpreting the current regulations (2009) will create resistance to reform from the legal apparatus. Most likely, legal apparatus will not surrender their "comfort zone" due to the current law's flexibility that prioritizes punitive actions.

Bahasa Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai isu-isu hukum dan politik secara umum seputar ganja dalam konteks global dan pengaruhnya terhadap hukum nasional. Selain itu tulisan ini sekaligus memberikan prediksi terhadap revisi kerangka kebijakan terhadap ganja. Dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut, tulisan ini merangkum literatur ganja di dalam literatur global dan kemudian menempatkannya di dalam konteks nasional. Bagian pertama tulisan ini membahas mengenai dinamika politik hukum global terkait kebijakan ganja dan bagaimana implikasinya di Indonesia. Disini, kita dapat melihat terdapat perubahan perspektif politik global dalam melihat penggunaan tanaman ganja, dari isu hukum menjadi isu kesehatan. Kemudian tulisan ini juga melakukan analisa terhadap kemungkinan perubahan perspektif dalam melihat tanaman ganja di Indonesia. Pada akhirnya, secara fundamental, tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa perubahan perspektif terhadap tanaman ganja di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan yang berat karena ada kecenderungan pemerintah masih melihat persoalan ini dengan kacamata prinsip komunitarian. Prinsip ini membuat negara merasa harus hadir untuk "meluruskan moral" rakyatnya. Hal ini dikarenakan persoalan ganja dilihat bukan hanya dari perspektif hukum, akan tetapi juga stigma moral negatif yang lahir dari penggunaan ganja itu sendiri. Akibatnya, perubahan paradigma dalam UU narkotika baru akan sangat sulit terjadi. Kemudian, rezim KUHP nasional baru juga sudah memberikan logika dasar yang punitif terhadap permasalahan narkotika. Terakhir, pragmatisme yang lahir dari fleksibilitas penafsiran Undang-Undang narkotika akan melahirkan resistensi dari penegak hukum yang sudah terlanjur nyaman dengan desain UU narkotika sekarang (2009). Artinya, besar kemungkinan, aparatur penegak hukum tidak mau melepaskan “zona nyaman” akibat fleksibilitas penafsiran UU narkotika sekarang yang mengedepankan sanksi pemidanaan.

References

Aguilar, Sofía, Víctor Gutiérrez, Lisa Sánchez, and Marie Nougier. “Medicinal Cannabis Policies and Practices around the World,” 2018.

Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. Tenth anniversary edition. New York London: The New Press, 2020.

Atas Nama Daun (Dokumenter Panjang Tentang Ganja, 2022), 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aUH3VfxoiA.

Badan Narkotika Nasional. “SURVEI NASIONALPENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DI 34 PROVINSI TAHUN 2017.” Jakarta, December 2017. http://www.bnn.go.id/_multimedia/document/20180508/BUKU_HASIL_LIT_2017.pdf.

Beckett, Katherine, and Steve Herbert. “CONSEQUENCES AND COSTS OF MARIJUANA PROHIBITION,” September 2007.

Blumenson, Eric, and Eva Nilsen. “Liberty Lost: The Moral Case for Marijuana Law Reform” 85 (n.d.).

Bonnie, Richard J. Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions: Essays on the Theory and Practice of Decriminalization. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie Co, 1980.

Bourchier, David. Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia the Ideology of the Family State. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

Chalermpalanupap, Termsak. “2023/1 ‘Dangerous Unintended Consequences Loom in the Wake of Thailand’s Hasty Legalisation of Marijuana’ by Termsak Chalermpalanupap” 2023, no. 1 (January 9, 2023). https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2023-1-dangerous-unintended-consequences-loom-in-the-wake-of-thailands-hasty-legalisation-of-marijuana-by-termsak-chalermpalanupap/.

Collins, John. “A Brief History of Cannabis and the Drug Conventions” 114 (January 2020): 279–84. 10.1017/aju.2020.55.

ICJR. “BNN Jangan Sesatkan Putusan MK Tentang Judicial Review Narkotika Golongan I Untuk Kepentingan Kesehatan,” September 29, 2022. https://icjr.or.id/bnn-jangan-sesatkan-putusan-mk-tentang-judicial-review-narkotika-golongan-i-untuk-kepentingan-kesehatan/.

“Ma’ruf Amin Minta MUI Segera Terbitkan Fatwa Soal Ganja Untuk Medis.” Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220628141111-20-814525/maruf-amin-minta-mui-segera-terbitkan-fatwa-soal-ganja-untuk-medis.

“MK Dorong Penelitian Ilmiah Ganja Medis | Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia.” Accessed July 27, 2023. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=18367&menu=2.

Pangaribuan, Aristo. “INNOCENT UNTIL PRESENTED.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 50, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 344. 10.21143/jhp.vol50.no2.2582.

———. “PARADOKS ASAS PRADUGA TIDAK BERSALAH.” Al-Risalah 16, no. 02 (December 1, 2018). 10.30631/al-risalah.v16i02.306.

Pangaribuan, Aristo Marisi Adiputra, and Kelly Manthovani. “CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR ON MARIJUANA IN INDONESIA.” INDONESIA Law Review 9, no. 2 (2019): 22.

Putri, Dania, and Tom Blickman. “Patterns in Consumption, Production, and Policies.” Den Haag: Transnational Institute, January 15, 2016.

Reuter, Peter H. “Marijuana Legalization: What Can Be Learned from Other Countries?” Rand Drug Policy and Research Center 1 (July 2010): 15.

Santoso, Hoegeng Iman, Abrar Yusra, and Ramadhan K. H. Hoegeng, Polisi Idaman Dan Kenyataan: Sebuah Autobiografi. Cet. 1. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1993.

“The Consequences and Costs of Marijuana Prohibition | Transnational Institute.” Accessed October 31, 2018. https://www.tni.org/en/issues/cannabis/item/2993-the-consequences-and-costs-of-marijuana-prohibition.

“UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs Reclassifies Cannabis to Recognize Its Therapeutic Uses.” Accessed July 26, 2023. https://www.who.int/news/item/04-12-2020-un-commission-on-narcotic-drugs-reclassifies-cannabis-to-recognize-its-therapeutic-uses.

Web, Admin. “[Siaran Pers Hari Narkotika Internasional 2023] KUHP Baru: Melanggengkan Hukuman Bagi Pengguna Narkotika – LBH Masyarakat.” Accessed July 26, 2023. https://lbhmasyarakat.org/siaran-pers-hari-narkotika-internasional-2023-kuhp-baru-melanggengkan-hukuman-bagi-pengguna-narkotika/.

Zhang, Kevin, and Siti Suhaila Harith. “Why ASEAN Countries Should Not Look at Thailand for Legalising Medical Cannabis.” The Conversation, March 31, 2023. http://theconversation.com/why-asean-countries-should-not-look-at-thailand-for-legalising-medical-cannabis-191739.

Download

Share

COinS