•  
  •  
 

DOI

10.21143/jhp.vol51.no2.3062

Abstract

Along with the times, the types and methods of exploration and exploitation of the seaare also experiencing developments, such as oil and gas drilling offshore and the construction of offshore installations to smooth the process of oil andgas exploitation and production. The emergence of other objects besides ships in the waters certainlybecomes a problem for international navigation activities which have long been the activities of nations since ancient times. Therefore this paper discusses the rights and obligations of the countries that have offshore installations to international navigation according to international law. The method used in this paper is a normative research method. Furthermore the results of this paper find that in aneffort to implement these rights and obligations States have adopted a 500-meter safety zone policy around offshoreinstallations. So far no cases of violations of international navigation have been found as a result of the presence of theseoffshore installations.

Bahasa Abstract

Seiring perkembangan zaman, jenisdan metode eksplorasi dan eksploitasi laut juga mengalami perkembangan, seperti pengeboran minyak dan gas di lepas pantai serta pembangunaninstalasi lepas pantai guna kelancaran proses eksploitasi dan produksi migas tersebut. Munculnya objek lain selain kapal di perairan tentu menjadi permasalahan bagi aktivitas navigasi internasional yang telah lama menjadi aktivitas bangsa-bangsa sejak dahulu. Karenanya tulisan ini membahas mengenai hak dan kewajiban Negara-Negara pemilikinstalasi lepas pantai terhadapnavigasi internasional menurut hukum internasional. Adapun metode yang digunakan pada tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian normatif. Selanjutnya hasil dari tulisan ini menemukan bahwa dalam upaya mengimplementasikan hak dankewajiban tersebut Negara-Negara telah menerapkan kebijakan zona keselamatan seluas 500 meter di sekitar instalasi lepas pantai. Sejauh ini tidak ditemukan kasus pelanggaran navigasi internasional akibat dari kehadiran instalasi-instalasi lepas pantai tersebut.

References

Fahrudin, Achmad dan Akhmad Solihin, Perkembangan Hukum Laut Internasional dan Perundang-undangan Indonesia, Modul1 Legalitas Kelautan dan Perikanan (Edisi 2), Universitas Terbuka Tangerang Selatan, 2018. ISBN: 978-602-3923-17-5 / E-ISBN: 978-602-3923-18-2.

Ningsih, Rini Mardika & R. Sumaryanto, Sejarah untuk Kelas XI SMA dan MA Program IPS, Jilid 2, PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri, Solo, 2013.

Tahar, Abdul Muthalib, Penegakan Hukum di Perairan Indonesia dalam Hukum Laut Internasional dalam Perkembangan, Seri Monograf Vol. 3 Tahun 2015, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung, Justice Publisher, 2015. ISBN: 978-602-1071-29-8.

Bateman, Sam, Some Thoughts on Australia and the Freedoms of Navigation, Security Challenges, Vol. 11 No.2, Institute for Regional Security, 2015.

Esmaeili, Hossein, The Protection of Offshore Oil Rigs in International Laws (Part I), Australian Mining and Petroleum Law Journal, Vol. 18 No. 3, 1999.

Firman, Eriec, et. al, Wacana Pembentukan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) Rute Timur-Barat Ditinjau dari Hukum Internasional, Belli ac Pacis, Vol. 2 No. 2, Desember 2016.

Hutagalung, Siti Merida,Penetapan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI): Manfaatnya dan Ancaman bagi Keamanan Pelayaran di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia, Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, Journal of International Relations Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, January-June 2017.

Maulana, Rafli, & Khomsin, Studi tentang Optimasi Peletakan Anjungan Minyak Lepas Pantai, Jurnal Teknik ITS, Vol. 6 No. 1, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 2017.

Pengfei, Zhang, et. al, Research on Prevention of Ship Collisions with Oil Rigs, Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering, 6, 2016. Doi: 10.17265/2159-5879/2016.05.003

Veriyanto, Hartono, Yudo, & Berlian Arswendo A., Analisa Kekuatan Konstruksi Jacket Platform terhadap Beban Gravitasi dan Interferensi Lingkungan di Perairan Madura Menggunakan FEM, Jurnal Teknik Perkapalan, Vol. 4 No. 3, FakultasTeknik Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Juli 2016.

Wirth, Christian, Whose Freedom of Navigation? Australia, China, the United States, and the Making of Order in the Indo-Pacific, The Pacific Review, Vol. 32 No. 4, UK, 2019.

Regulasi InternasionalUnited Nations, Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.

____________, International Convention forPrevention of Pollution from the Ships1973/1978.

____________, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974.

Regulasi Nasional Republik Indonesia, Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1983 tentang Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif, LNRI Nomor 44 Tahun 1983, TLNRI Nomor3260.

________________, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 2002 tentang Hak dan Kewajiban Kapal dan Pesawat Udara dalam Melaksanakan Hak Lintas Alur Kepulauan.

________________, Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 25 Tahun 2011 tentang SaranaBantuan Navigasi-Pelayaran.

________________, Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor PM 68 Tahun 2011 tentang Alur-Pelayaran di Laut.Regulasi Negara Lain United Kingdom, Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application Outside Great Britain) Order 2013.

_____________, The Offshore Installations (Safety Zones) (No. 2) Order 2019 No. 1166.

Dadang ITS,ITS.ac.id, Ternyata Begini Sejarah Pengeboran Migas Dunia, https://www.its.ac.id/news/2016/05/19/ternyata-begini-sejarah-pengeboran-migas-dunia/, diaksespada 2 Maret 2020.

Health and Safety Executive, hse.gov.uk, Offshore Health and Safety Law, https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/law.htm, diakses pada 10 Maret 2020.

Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, PHE WMO Operasikan Kembali PHE-40, https://www.esdm.go.id/en/media-center/news-archives/phe-wmo-operasikan-kembali-phe-40, edisi 10 September 2012, diakses pada 15 Maret 2020.

Legislation.gov.uk, Statutory Instrument s 2019 No. 1166 on Offshore Installations: The Offshore Installations (Safety Zones) (No. 2)Order 2019, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/1166/made, diakses pada 10 Maret 2020.

Sulisti, Eko, (Deputi Komunikasi Politik dan Diseminasi Kantor Staf Presiden), Kantor Staf Presiden, http://ksp.go.id/deklarasi-djuanda-dan-hari-nusantara/, edisi 18 Desember 2016, diakses pada 25 Februari 2020.

Faber, Jasper, et. al., Regulated Slow Steaming in MaritimeTransport: An Assesment of Options, Costs, and Benefits, CE Delft Report, Februari 2012.

Oltedal, Helle A., Ship-Platform Collision in theNorth Sea, Stord/Haugesund University College, Haugesund, Norway, in The Annual European Safety and Reliablity Conference (ESREL), Helsinki, Finlandia, 25-29 Juni 2012.

Takahashi, Kenneth I. & Donald L. Gautier, Chapter 3, A Brief History of Oil and GasExploration in the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California, Petroleum System and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the San Joaquin, Basin Province, California.Zein Arfian, Penilaian Risiko Tubrukan Kapal Akibat Instalasi Anjungan Lepas Pantai di Dekat Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya, Skripsi, Departemen Teknik Perkapalan, Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 2017.

Health and Safety Executive, Safety Zones around Oil and Gas Installation in Water around the UK, UK, 2008.

Download

Share

COinS