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Abstract

This paper analyzes a practice of presenting suspects, which is a ritual that displays a suspect before the media. Until now, although it is frequently used by the police, there has been no attempt to examine such practices in Indonesia. In the criminal procedure scholarship, there is no standard term to describe it. This article will refer to such ritual as a presentation of suspects. This ritual has also been practiced around the world with different methods and has a long history, especially in the United States. This article discusses the presentation of suspects and question whether such a ritual is a violation of the fundamental rights of being presumed innocent until found guilty. Two issues will be examined to answer this question: The purported objectives for the practice and the accused’s right to be presumed innocent. The term innocence here is a presumptively innocent and not factually innocent. With that in mind, to some degree, this article realizes it would be permissible to deprive their liberty if it has a higher purpose.

Bahasa Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai praktik presentasi tersangka, yaitu ritual konferensi pers dengan hadirnya tersangka. Praktik ini sering dipakai untuk kasus-kasus yang menarik perhatian publik. Sampai sekarang, walaupun presentasi tersangka digunakan oleh para penegak hukum, belum ada pembahasan khusus mengenai praktik tersebut. Di dalam diskursus hukum acara pidana, belum ada terminologi baku untuk menyebut ritual tersebut. Tulisan ini secara khusus akan menyebutnya sebagai praktik presentasi tersangka. Ritual presentasi tersangka lazim digunakan di berbagai negara, dan sudah banyak diperdebatkan, khususnya di Amerika Serikat. Tulisan ini akan membahas ritual presentasi tersangka dan mempertanyakan apakah ritual tersebut melanggar hak dasar tersangka, yakni hak untuk dianggap tidak bersalah sebelum ada putusan pengadilan (praduga tidak bersalah). Dua isu utama akan menjadi pokok bahasan dalam menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, tujuan dari presentasi tersangka dan asas praduga tidak bersalah. Dengan landasan berpikir tersebut, tulisan ini menyadari bahwa dalam kasus-kasus tertentu, presentasi tersangka mungkin dapat dijustifikasi untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan penegakan hukum yang lebih tinggi. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa apabila ritual presentasi tersangka digunakan untuk kasus consensual gay sex dan prostitusi, akan memberikan efek hukuman dan degradasi terhadap tersangka sebelum waktunya.

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