•  
  •  
 

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol50.no1.2502

Abstract

The emergence of World Bank legal reform projects in promoting the rule of law has been successful to encourage third world countries to reform their legal aspects to help formulate market friendly policy. This article tries to question the concept of rule of law that is materialized in many World Bank legal reform projects by using critical legal perspective to analysis legal scholarship on the role of law in the context of development. It trying to present an alternative explanation of World Bank’s rule of law which we are hypothetizing as a neoliberal concept. World Bank’s rule of law are nothing more than a formalistic and limitative concept which is constituted by abstract and universal rules such as protection of private property, contract enforcements and operational efficiency which is a legal framework to easify capitalism. This article conclude that World Bank’s rule of law are bereft of emancipatory values and only serves as a tool for neoliberal penetration to third world countries.

Bahasa Abstract

Meningkatnya peran World Bank dalam promosi rule of law telah mengarahkan banyak negara dalam menjalankan agenda reformasi hukum yang dimaksudkan membentuk kebijakan yang ramah pasar. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum kritis untuk mempertanyakan konsep rule of law yang diartikulasikan dalam berbagai proyek reformasi hukum World Bank dengan menelusurinya melalui wacana pemikiran hukum yang terkait peran hukum dalam konteks pembangunan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan penjelasan alternatif dalam memahami konsep rule of law World Bank sebagai sebuah konsep yang dirumuskan berdasarkan gagasan neoliberal. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa konsep rule of law World Bank tidak lebih dari sebuah konsep yang bersifat limitatif dan formalistik terdiri dari aturan abstrak dan universal yang melindungi hak properti, penegakan kontrak dan berorientasi pada efisiensi dimana hukum diasumsikan sebagai produk netral dan bebas nilai yang menyembunyikan kepentingan kapitalisme. Artikel ini menyimpulkan alih-alih merefleksikan hukum yang emansipatoris, konsep rule of law World Bank pada dasarnya merupakan kerangka kerja yang dipaksakan ke negara-negara dunia ketiga untuk membentuk rezim hukum yang sesuai dengan teori dan praktik neoliberalisme.

References

Buku

Alvaros Santos, The World Bank’s Uses of the “Rule of Law” Promise in Economic Development, in David Trubek dan Alvaros Santos (eds.), The New Law and Economic Development a Critical Appraisal, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)

Anthony Anghine, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)

Boaventura de Sousa Santos dan Cesar A. Rodriguez-Garavito (eds.), Law and Globalization from Below Towards a Cosmopolitan Legality, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005)

Brian Tamanaha, On Rule of Law History Politics Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)

Costas Douzinas et. al., Politics, Postmodernity and Critical Legal Studies (London: Routledge, 1994)

Curtis Milhaupt dan Kathrina PIstor, Law and Capitalism What Corporate Crises Reveal About Legal Systems and Economic Development Around the World (Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 2008)

David Harvey, Imperialisme Baru Genealogi dan Logika Kapitalisme Kontemporer (Yogyakarta: Resistbook, 2010)

____________, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, diterjemahkan oleh Eko Prasetyo, Neoliberalisme dan Restorasi Kelas Kapitalis (Yogyakarta: Resist Book, 2009)

David Kennedy, Law and Development Economics: Toward a New Alliance, in David Kennedy dan Joseph E. Stiglitz, Law and Economics with Chinese Characteristics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013)

Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, diterjemahkan oleh Ioannes Rakmat, Ancaman Kolektivisme (Jakarta: Freedom Institute, 2011)

Ha Joon Chang dan Ilene Grabel, Membongkar Mitos Neolib: Upaya Merebut Kembali Makna Pembangunan (Yogyakarta: Insist Press, 2008)

Herlambang Perdana Wiratraman, Disciplining Post Suharto-Labour Law Reform, dalam Jafar Suryomenggolo (ed.), Worker Activism after Reformasi 1998 a New Phase for Indonesian Union? (Hongkong: Asia Monitor Resource Centre, 2014)

Honor Brabazon, Introduction: Understanding Neoliberal Legality, in Honor Brabazon (ed.), Neoliberal Legality Understanding the Role of Law in the Neoliberal Project (Oxon: Routledge, 2017)

Ian Ward, Pengantar Teori Hukum Kritis (Bandung: Penerbit Nusamedia, 2014)

Ioannis Glinavos, Neoliberalism and the Law in Post Communist Transtition, (Oxon: Routledge, 2010)

Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law Essays on Law and Morality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979)

Johnny Ibrahim, Pendekatan Ekonomi terhadap Hukum Teori dan Implikasi Penerapannya dalam Penegakan Hukum (Surabaya: CV Putra Media Nusantara, 2009)

Judith Shklar, Legalism an Essay on Law, Morals and Politics, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964)

Julio Faundez, Legal Technical Assistance, in Julio Faundez (ed.), Good Government and Law Legal and Institutional Reform in Developing Countries, (New York: St Martin Press, 1997)

Kerry Rittich, The Future of Law and Development: Second Generation Reforms and the Incorporation of the Social, in David Trubek dan Alvaros Santos (eds.), The New Law and Economic Development a Critical Appraisal, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)

Martin Khor, Globalisasi Perangkap Negara-Negara Selatan (Yogyakarta: Cindelaras, 2003)

Rachel Turner, Neoliberal Ideology History, Concepts and Policies (Edinburg: Edinburg University Press, 2008)

Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Democracy Realized the Progressive Alternative, (London: Verso, 1998)

Rodriguez Garavito, Toward a Sociology of the Global Rule of Law Field: Neoliberalism, Neoconstitutionalism, and the Contest over Judicial Reform in Latin America, in Yves Dezalay and Bryant Garth (eds.), Lawyers and the Rule of Law Globalization in an Era of Globalization (Oxon: Routledge, 2011),

Tim Lindsey, Legal Infrastructure and Governance Reform in Post-Crisis Asia the Case of Indonesia, in Tim Lindsey (ed.), Law Reform in Developing and Transititonal States, (New York: Routledge, 2007)

Ugo Mattei dan Laura Nader, Plunder When the Rule of Law is Illegal (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2008)

William Twinning, General Jurisprudence Understanding Law From a Global Perspective (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009)

Jurnal

Brian Tamanaha, The Dark Side of the Relationship Between the Rule of Law and Liberalism, New York University Journal of Law & Liberty Vol 3 No 3, 2008

______________, The Primacy of Society and the Failures of Law and Development, in Cornell International Law Journal Vol 44, 2011

David Singh Grewal dan Jedediah Purdy, Introduction: Law and Neoliberalism, Law and Contemporery Problems Vol 77: 1 No 4, 2014

David Trubek dan Marc Galanter, Scholars in Self-Estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States, in Wisconsin Law Review 1974, 1974

____________, The Political Economy of Rule of Law: the Challenge of the New Developmental State, in Hague Journal on the Rule of Law Vol 1 No 1, 2009

Gabriel Garcia, The Rise of the Global South, the IMF and the Future of Law and Development, Third World Quarterly Vol. 36, 2016 (December 2016)

Hikmahanto Juwana, Reform of Economic Laws and Its Effects on the Post-Crisis Indonesian Economy, The Developing Economies, XLIII-I, 2005

Ioannis Glinavos, Neoliberal Law: Unintended Consequences of Market-Friendly Law Reforms, Third World Quarterly Vol 29 No 6, 2008

Jeffrey Winters, Oligarchy and Democracy in Indonesia, Southeast Asia Program Cornell University No 96, 2013

John Ohnesorge, Developing Development Theory: Law and Development Orthodoxies and the Northeast Asian Experience’, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law Vol. 28 No 2, 2007

Lawrence Tshuma, The Political Economy of The World Bank’s Legal Framework For Economic Development, in Social and Legal Studies Vol 8 No 2, 1999

Richard Posner, Creating a Legal Framework for Economic Development, The World Bank Research Observer Vol 3 No 1, 1998

Tor Krever, International Criminal Law: an Ideology Critique, Leiden Journal of International Law Vol 26 No 3, 2013

_________, Quantifying Law: Legal Indicatior Projects and the Reproduction of Neoliberal Common Sense, Third World Quarterly Vol 34 No 1, 2013

_________, The Legal Turn in Late Development Theory: The Rule of Law and the World Bank’s Development Model, in Harvard International Law Journal Vol 52 No 1, 2011

_________, The Rule of Law and the Rise of Capitalism, in Christopher May dan Adam Winchester, Handbook on the Rule of Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2018)

Dokumen World Bank

World Bank, Development in Practice Governance the World Bank Experience (Washington DC: The World Bank, 1994)

World Bank, Governance and Development, (Washington DC: The World Bank, 1992)

World Bank, Governance the World Bank’s Experience, (World Bank: Washington DC, 1994)

World Bank, Initiatives in Legal and Judicial Reform (Washington DC: The World Bank, 2004)

World Bank, Sub-Sahara Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth (Washington DC: The World Bank, 1989)

World Bank, World Development Report: Law and Governance (World Bank: Washington DC, 2017)

Tesis

Herlambang Perdana Wiratraman, Good Governance and Legal Reform in Indonesia, Thesis Mahidol University, 2006

Internet

Ioannis Glinavos, Rule of law Promotion and Development a Search Meaning, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228128242_Rule_of_Law_Promotio n_and_Development_A_Search_for_Meaning diakses 24 Mei 2019

Chantal Thomas, Re-reading Weber in Law and Development a Critical Intelectual History of Good Governance Reform, Cornell Law School Research Paper No 08-034, http://ssrn.com/abstract=131378, diakses 3 April 2019

Download

Share

COinS