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DOI

10.21143/jhp.vol46.no2.77

Abstract

As the biggest archipelagic state in the world, the Indonesian government has been aware of the importance of both air and sea transportation in connecting the remote islands with the main islands and thus developing the economy. However,it could not be denied that for many years the country had been trapped within a transportation policy favoring land over the aviation and maritime sectors. It thus came as a relief when the current government announced a pro-maritime transportation policy as their main priority. While this pivot is certainly welcome, it still fails to address the other ‘life line’ of the Indonesian geographic periphery, namely aviation. Currently airlines serve pioneer or isolated routes to these areas which are not financially viable, meaning they are flying at a ‘loss’. To compensate this, state subsidies are granted to these airlines. One of the main concerns therefore, is that there must not be an overlap between airline and ship routes so that subsidies can be concentrated to maximize coverage of the remote islands.Harmonization between the aviation and maritime sectors must be translated within a legal framework.Learning from the European Union is one of the best options so far considering their successful law making and effective implementation within its member states to avoid overlapping between airlines and other transportation modes. Furthermore, failure to present subsidies under Public Service Obligation to develop the aviation, not only maritime, sectors shall mean a nightmare for the country's dream to become a maritime axis in ASEAN.

Bahasa Abstract

Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia, Pemerintah Indonesia telah menyadari pentingnya baik moda transportasi udara maupun laut guna menghubungkan pulau-pulau terpencil dengan pulau utama yang ujungnya akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa negara ini telah terperangkap dengan berbagai kebijakan publik yang mengutamakan moda transportasi darat ketimbang udara dan laut untuk waktu yang lama. Adalah suatu pencerahan ketika rezim saat ini memprioritaskan kebijakan yang mendukung moda transportasi laut. Ketika perubahan poros ini disambut baik, sayangnya moda transportasi udara yang turut berperan penting dalam menyambung kehidupan rakyat Indonesia masih terlupakan. Dewasa ini maskapai penerbangan yang menerbangi rute-rute perintis tidak memperoleh keuntungan, atau dengan kata lain mereka terbang untuk merugi. Guna menutup kerugian tersebut, subsidi dikucurkan kepada maskapai-maskapai tersebut. Satu hal yang harus diperhatikan baik-baik adalah tidak boleh terjadi tumpang tindih untuk setiap subsidi rute-rute perintis antara maskapai penerbangan dengan perusahaan pelayaran agar dapat menjangkau pulau-pulau terpencil secara maksimal. Harmonisasi antara sektor penerbangan dan maritim harus direalisasikan melalui hukum positif. Belajar dari Uni Eropa adalah salah satu opsi terbaik saat ini mengingat kesuksesan mereka dalam merancang dan mengimplementasikan peraturan-peraturannya secara efektif guna menghindari tumpang tindih antara moda transportasi udara, laut, dan darat. Selanjutnya, kegagalan untuk memperkenalkan subsidi berdasarkan konsep Public Service Obligation guna mengembangkan sektor aviasi maupun maritim berarti mimpi buruk guna mewujudkan cita-cita Indonesia sebagai poros maritim di ASEAN.

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