Abstract
This study investigates the early formation and historical development of student service-learning in Indonesia from a global context. Employing a qualitative approach, it utilizes archival research methods for examining the inception of student service- learning, a community empowerment program conducted by the students in the country. It analyzed international documents sourced from Google Books archives, which are available through various online platforms and supplemented by the use of Google Ngram Viewer. The findings indicate that the concept of student service- learning was introduced in Indonesia during the academic year 1971/1972 and adopted by numerous universities before it became mandatory for end-year students starting from 1973 to 1974. This study represents the inaugural archival investigation that revealed that the local community warmly welcomed the arrival of students at the time because their contributions significantly improved societal well-being. Students benefited from direct experiential learning with the community, while the community received assistance and empowerment through resources provided by the universities. Furthermore, the study highlights that in discussions, especially after the establishment of Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) or service-learning as a mandatory program in 1974, numerous documents (eight in 1975 and twelve in 1976) cited KKN as a reference in the international arena. This recognition positions KKN as an exemplary service- learning program on a global scale.
References
Afdeling Documentatie Modern Indonesie Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal, Land en Volkenkunde. (1976). Excerpta Indonesica (21st ed., Vol. 13). Centre for Documentation on Modern Indonesia of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology.
Arifin, M. (2014). Analisa dan perancangan sistem informasi praktek kerja lapangan pada instansi/perusahaan [Analysis and design of field work practice information systems at institutions/companies]. Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer, 5(1), 49–56.
Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institut für Kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung. (1976). Internationales Asien Forum: International quarterly for Asian studies (Vol. 7). Weltform Verlag.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia. (1975). Community education in Indonesia: A pre-investment study of pendidikan masyarakat (draft). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia.
Balai Penelitian Kesejahteraan Sosial. (1977). Pelita BPKS (19th ed., Vol. 8).
Centre for Strategic and International Studies. (1974). The Indonesian Quarterly (4th ed., Vol. 3).
Chumtong, J., & Kaldewey, D. (2017). Beyond the Google Ngram viewer: Bibliographic databases and journal archives as tools for the quantitative analysis of scientific and meta-scientific concepts. Forum Internationale Wissenschaft. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/1150
Department of Information Republic of Indonesia. (1976). The second five-year development plan, 1974/75-1978/79 (Vol. 3).
Fahmi, M. (2007). Indonesian higher education: The chronicle, recent development and the new legal entity universities. Working Paper in Economics and Development Studies (WoPEDS), Article 200710. https://core.ac.uk/reader/9317780
Fatchiya, A., & Jakaria. (2018). Improving the empowerment of breeders with base of local problem potency through student service learning. Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 4(2), 109–117. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/ index.php/j-agrokreatif/article/view/24306
Fussell, D., & Quarmby, A. (1975). Go to the villages! Synergist, 4(2), 2–5. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Synergist/r2l-2IDN0HkC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=%22kuliah+kerja+nyata%22&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover
Hardjasoemantri, K. (2007). Peran Pemuda Pelajar Indonesia dalam perjuangan bangsa: Sebuah refleksi dan harapan. Jurnal Sejarah: Pemikiran, Rekonstruksi, Persepsi, 13(13), 1–12.
Hartono, Y. (2017). Model pembelajaran nilai-nilai karakter bangsa di Indonesia dari masa ke masa. Agastya: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pembelajarannya, 7(01), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.25273/ajsp.v7i01.1059
Hidayah, H., Muchtarom, Moh., & Rejekiningsih, T. (2020). Service learning: Establishing students’ relationship between school and society. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education (ICLIQE 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200129.145
International Secretariat for Volunteer Service. (1974). The mobilization of response structures from the grassroots towards health services. ISVS-Asian Regional Office.
Kedutaan Besar Indonesia U.S. (1971). Indonesian news and views. Embassy of Indonesia Information Division.
Krisnawati, L. D. (2009). Service-learning in Duta Wacana Christian University: Past, present, and future States. New Horizons in Education, 57(3), 74–81. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ893705
Latib, A. A., Amin, N. F., Saud, M. S., & Kamin, Y. (2017). Impact of a service learning program to the university and the community. Advanced Science Letters, 23(1), 596–599. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7268
Lembaga Penelitian Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial Jakarta. (1975). Prisma. Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Information.
Lestari, F., Azwar, B., Jonnius, J., & Abduh, M. A. (2022). Partner engagement on university’s community service program in Indonesia. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 10(2/3), 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10034613
Mandag, R. C., Lumenta, A. S. M., & Rindengan, Y. Deo. Y. (2017). Pengembangan sistem informasi Kuliah Kerja Terpadu (KKT) di Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.35793/jti.10.1.2017.15375
New Society. (1976). New Society Limited.
Olimid, A. P., Georgescu, C. M., & Gherghe, C. L. (2022). Influences of Covid-19 crisis on resilience theories: An analysis of community, societal and governance resilience. Revista de Çtiințe Politice. Revue Des Sciences Politiques, (73), 38–51. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2654407706?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
Prastowo, J., & Suyono, E. A. (Eds.). (2007). Buku pedoman kuliah kerja nyata pembelajaran pemberdayaan masyarakat (KKN PPM) perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
Sekretariat Nasional ASEAN. (1977). Dasawarsa ASEAN, 1967-1977. Sekretariat Nasional ASEAN, Departemen Luar Negeri, Republik Indonesia.
Sparavigna, A. C., & Marazzato, R. (2015). Using Google Ngram viewer for scientific referencing and history of science. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1512.01364
Stiftung, F. E. (1975). Pendidikan orang dewasa: Risalah seminar. Harapanhan Masa. Sudarmo, M. S. (1977). Alternatives for optimization of teaching-learning processes in Southeast Asian universities. Proceedings of the Regional Conference.
Sugianingsih, N. M. W., Syarweni, N., & Utomo, W. (2019). Analisis permasalahan pelaksanaan praktik kerja lapangan mahasiswa program studi D-3 Administrasi Bisnis Jurusan Administrasi Niaga Politeknik Negeri Jakarta. Epigram, 16(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.32722/epi.v16i2.2233
Sugiyanto, S. (2002). Perubahan kuliah kerja nyata perguruan tinggi [Changes of student service learning in the university]. Jendela, 1(4), 29–31.
Supriyati, S., Wicaksana, A. L., Sundari, E., Pangastuti, H. S., & Dewi, F. S. T. (2021). Why do we need to empower university staffs and students for tackling the non- communicable diseases? Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 4(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.61619
Suwignyo, A. (2023). Higher education as an instrument of decolonisation: The community service programme in Indonesia, 1950–1969. Asian Studies Review, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2023.2222225
Syardiansah, S. (2019). Peranan kuliah kerja nyata sebagai bagian dari pengembangan kompetensi mahasiswa: Studi kasus mahasiswa Universitas Samudra KKN Tahun 2017 [The role of real work lectures as part of student competency development: A case study of Samudra University student community service in 2017]. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Universitas Putera Batam, 7(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.33884/jimupb.v7i1.915
UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Asia. (n. d.). Education in Asia: Reviews, reports and notes (12th ed., Vol. 9).
Wahyuni, A. S. (2023). Delivering online community service from community perspective: A critical review. Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 4(3), 486–491. https://doi.org/10.22219/jcse.v4i3.27903
Williams, D. D., & Eiserman, W. D. (1997). Learning from others: Service-learning in Costa Rica and Indonesia. International Service Learning & Community Engagement, 5(4), 1–29. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ580764
Younes, N., & Reips, U-D. (2019). Guideline for improving the reliability of Google Ngram studies: Evidence from religious terms. PLOS ONE, 14(3), Article e0213554. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213554
Recommended Citation
Wahyuni, Andi Sri
(2023).
Review of Student Service-Learning Program in the Early Period of the Higher Education System in Indonesia.
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 7(2), 196-210.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v7i2.1228