Abstract
India is committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set up by United Nations. Community engagement (CE) and communicating health is the key aspect for achieving the desired results. Goal setting for health sector in India has long history. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence on community engagement and communication from studies that report on program outcomes in India. To our knowledge, there are limited reviews available that examine outcomes of CE in achieving health goals. This review seeks to fill this knowledge gap. We describe role of CE and communication in achieving the SDG health goals in India. The lessons learned this review may be useful in any developing country setting and may be utilized for planning and implementation for achieving the SDG by 2030. As methodology a systematic and realistic review of literature and Meta analysis is involved in this review paper. The review of literature includes program reports, documents, guidelines, research papers. Nationwide public health strategy, process of developing public health structures and achievements helping in improving status of health in India. Increasing capacity of the health care system, availability of trained human resources, efforts to improve the health care expenditure, and positive changes in demographic indicators shows that India is moving in right direction towards achieving SDGs. Based on various research and findings it has been derived that Engaging Community and adopting strategic path of communication can help in achieving the goals of SDG particularly in health sector in India.
References
Agyepong, I. A., M’Cormack-Hale, F. A., Amoakoh, H. B., Derkyi-Kwarteng, A. N., Darkwa, T. E., & Odiko-Ollennu, W. (2021). Synergies and fragmentation in country level policy and program agenda setting, formulation and implementation for Global Health agendas: a case study of health security, universal health coverage, and health promotion in Ghana and Sierra Leone. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06500-6
Animaw, W., & Seyoum, Y. (2017). Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a developing country and its related factors. PLoS ONE, 12(11), e0187670.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0187670
Bhore, J. (1945). Report of the Health Survey and Development Committee Vol. II (Recommendations). Dspace. http://dspace.bpatc.org.bd:8080/handle/1200/143
Central Bureau of Health Intelligence. (2018). National Health Profile.
http://www.cbhidghs.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/Before Chapter1.pdf
Centers for Disease Control Atlanta. (2011). Principles of Community Engagement. NIH Publication No. 11-7782.
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/communityengagement/pdf/PCE_Report_508_FINAL.pdf
Gaitonde, R., Sheikh, K., Saligram, P., & Nambiar, D. (1993). Community Participation in Health: the National Landscape.UHC India.
http://uhc-india.org/uploads/GaitondeRetal_CommunityParticipationinHealthTheNationalLandscapeinIndia.pdf
Garg, S. (2018). Universal health coverage in India: Newer innovations and the role of public health. Indian Journal of Public Health, 62(3), 167-170.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_221_18
George, A. S., Mehra, V., Scott, K., & Sriram, V. (2015). Community Participation in Health Systems Research: A Systematic Review Assessing the State of Research, the Nature of Interventions Involved and the Features of Engagement with Communities. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0141091. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141091
Haldane, V., Chuah, F. L. H., Srivastava, A., Singh, S. R., Koh, G. C. H., Seng, C. K., &Legido-Quigley, H. (2019). Community participation in health services development, implementation, and evaluation: A systematic review of empowerment, health, community, and process outcomes. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0216112.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00525-3
Hoon Chuah, F. L., Srivastava, A., Singh, S. R., Haldane, V., Huat Koh, G. C., Seng, C. K., McCoy, D., & Legido-Quigley, H. (2018). Community participation in general health initiatives in high and upper-middle income countries: A systematic review exploring the nature of participation, use of theories, contextual drivers and power relations in community participation. Social Science & Medicine, 213, 106-122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.019
Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., Adeyi, O., Barker, P., Daelmans, B., Doubova, S. V, English, M., García-Elorrio, E., Guanais, F., Gureje, O., Hirschhorn, L. R., Jiang, L., Kelley, E., Lemango, E. T., Liljestrand, J., … Pate, M. (2018). High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet Global Health, 6(11), e1196-e1252.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
Lahariya, C. (2020). Health & Wellness Centers to Strengthen Primary Health Care in India: Concept, Progress and Ways Forward. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(11), 916-929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03359-z
Lahariya, C., Roy, B., Shukla, A., Chatterjee, M., De Graeve, H., Jhalani, M., & Bekedam, H. (2020). Community action for health in India: evolution, lessons learnt and ways forward to achieve universal health coverage. WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, 9(1), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.283002
Luisi, D., & Hämel, K. (2021). Community participation and empowerment in primary health care in Emilia-Romagna: A document analysis study. Health Policy, 125(2), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.11.007
Marston, C., Hinton, R., Kean, S., Baral, S., Ahuja, A., Costello, A., & Portela, A. (2016). Community participation for transformative action on women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(5), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.168492
McGinn, E., & Lipsky, A. (2015). Social Accountability, A Primer for Civil Society Organizations Working in Family Planning and Reproductive health. In USAID.
Milton, B., Attree, P., French, B., Povall, S., Whitehead, M., & Popay, J. (2012). The impact of community engagement on health and social outcomes: a systematic review. Community Development Journal, 47(3), 316–334. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsr043
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2017). National Health Policy.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2019). Rural Health Mission Statistics 2018-19. https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/HMIS-Publications.aspx
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2020). Annual Report 2019-2020.
https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%202019-2020%20English.pdf
Morgan, L. M. (2001). Community participation in health: perpetual allure, persistent challenge. Health Policy and Planning, 16(3), 221-230.
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/16.3.221
NFHS-5 Factsheet. (2021). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) (rchiips.org). http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-5.shtml
National Health Accounts. (2018). National Health Accounts Estimates for India-2015-16. Technical Secretariat, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (pp. 5-6). https://nhsrcindia.org
National Rural Health Mission. (2013). Guidelines of Community Processes. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (pp 38). https://nhsrcindia.org
Panda, B. K., & Mohanty, S. K. (2019). Progress And Prospects of Health Related Sustainable Development Goals in India. Journal of Biosocial Science, 51(3), 335-352. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932018000202
Peters, L. E., Kelman, I., Shannon, G., & Tan, D. (2021). Synthesising the shifting terminology of community health: A critiquing review of agent-based approaches. Global Public Health, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1938169
Rifkin, S. B. (2009). Lessons from community participation in health programmes: a review of the post Alma-Ata experience. International Health, 1(1), 31-36.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inhe.2009.02.001
Registrar General of India. (2011). Census of India 2011. https://censusindia.gov.in
Registrar General of India. (2016). Sample Registration Survey. https://censusindia.gov.in
Shroff, Z. C., Marten, R., Ghaffar, A., Sheikh, K., Bekedam, H., Jhalani, M., & Swaminathan, S. (2020). On the path to Universal Health Coverage: aligning ongoing health systems reforms in India. BMJ Global Health, 5(9), e003801.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003801
Singh, S., & Tomar, S. S. (2020). The Role of Civil Society in Health Communication. Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 12, 127-139.
https://doi.org/10.31620/JCCC.12.20/12
Singh, S., Das, A., & Sharma, S. (2010). Reviving Hopes realizing Rights-A report on Community monitoring –Center for Health and Social Justice and Population Foundation of India-New Delhi-Page No 22. International Budget. https://internationalbudget.org/
Singh, V., & Chauhan, N. (2021). Connecting Community for Public Health Goals. Journal of Development Communication, 32(1), 12-19.
Singh, Z. (2016). Sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities. Indian Journal of Public Health, 60(4), 247-250. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.195862
Singh, Z. (2013). Universal Health Coverage for India by 2022: A Utopia or Reality? Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 38(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3714944/
Sharma, G., Penn-Kekana, L., Halder, K., & Filippi, V. (2019). An investigation into mistreatment of women during labour and childbirth in maternity care facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India: a mixed methods study. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0668-y
Suresh, K. (2011). Evidence based communication for health promotion: Indian lessons of last decade. Indian Journal of Public Health, 55(4), 276-285.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.92405
Suresh, K. (2019). Can current Indian health system achieve health related SDG’s? Open Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 4(1), 013-030.
https://doi.org/10.17352/ojpch.000017
United Nations. (2015). Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1 Page-18. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
UNICEF. (2016). The UNICEF Health Systems Strengthening Approach. https://www.unicef.org/media/60296/file
Ved, R., Gupta, G., & Singh, S. (2019). India's health and wellness centres: realizing universal health coverage through comprehensive primary health care. WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, 8(1), 18-20. https://doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.255344
World Health Organization. (1978). Declaration of Alma-Ata in International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma Ata.
World Health Organization. (1994). Community Action for Health.
Yuan, M., Lin, H., Wu, H., Yu, M., Tu, J., & Lü, Y. (2021). Community engagement in public health: a bibliometric mapping of global research. Archives of Public Health, 79(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00525-3
Recommended Citation
Singh, Vishal
(2021).
Achieving Health Goals in India: The Role of Community Engagement and Communication.
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 5(2), 355-375.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v5i2.1170
