Abstract
Depression is a mental health problem that affects the elderly. As meeting the spiritual needs of depressed older people is important, a spiritual approach nursing intervention must be applied to reduce the level of depression in this population. This study proposed an integrated spiritual nursing approach through music therapy, dhikr, and deep breathing to improve depression levels among the elderly living in Cisalak Pasar, Depok City, in 2019. The research method used was a case study of an evidence-based practice using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The study sample consisted of 106 elderly, who were recruited by purposive sampling. The average depression scores among the elderly were 4.79 and 2.48 before and after the intervention, respectively, indicating that the mean depression score decreased by 2.31. The independent t-test results obtained a p-value < 0.05, demonstrating the positive influence of the proposed spiritual approach nursing intervention on the level of depression among the subjects. A spiritual approach nursing intervention program through music therapy, dhikr, and deep breathing reduced the level of depression in the elderly. Thus, such an approach can be used as an intervention option in dealing with depression problems in the elderly.
References
Bahtiar, B., Sahar, J., & Wiarsih, W. (2020). Meaning of life among elderly individuals with chronic diseases living with family : A qualitative study. Makara Journal of Health Research, 24(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i1.1161
Ballew, S., Hannum, S., Gaines, J., Marx, K., & Parrish, J. (2012). The Role of Spiritual Experiences and Activities in the Relationship Between Chronic Illness and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Religion and Health, 51(4), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9498-0
Barlow, M., Liu, S., & Wrosch, C. (2015). Chronic Illness and Loneliness in Older Adulthood: The Role of Self-Protective Control Strategies Chronic Illness and Loneliness in Older Adulthood: The Role of Self-Protective Control Strategies. Health Psychology, 34(8), 870–879. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000182
Bastaman, H. D. (2007). Logoterapi : Psikologi Untuk Menemukan Makna Hidup dan Meraih Hidup Bermakna. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada.
Braam, A., Schaap-jonker, H., Horst, M., Steunenberg, B., Beekman, A., Tilburg, W. Van, & Deeg, D. (2013). Twelve-Year History of Late-Life Depression and Subsequent Feelings to God. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.04.016
Eliopoulos, C. (2010). Invitation to Holistic Health : A Guide to Living a Balanced Life (2nd ed.). London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Görges, F., Oehler, C., von Hirschhausen, E., Hegerl, U., & Rummel-Kluge, C. (2018). GET.HAPPY - Acceptance of an internet-based self-management positive psychology intervention for adult primary care patients with mild and moderate depression or dysthymia: A pilot study. Internet Interventions, 12, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.001
Grodensky, C., Golin, C., Mamo, M., Dennis, A., Abernethy, M., & Patterson, K. (2015). ‘“ I Should Know Better ”’: The Roles of Relationships, Spirituality, Disclosure, Stigma, and Shame for Older Women Living With HIV Seeking Support in the South. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 26(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2014.01.005
Hamid, A. Y. (2000). Buku Pedoman Askep Jiwa-1 Keperawatan Jiwa Teori dan Tindakan Keperawatan. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Ilmi, A. A. (2014). Perbedaan Pengaruh Intervensi Spiritual Care: Murattal dan Musik Terhadap Status Depresi Lansia. Universitas Indonesia. Retrieved from
http://www.lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20389879
Jansen-Niemeijer, A. J., Visse, M., Van Leeuwen, R., Leget, C., & Cusveller, B. (2017). The Role of Spirituality in Lifestyle Changing Among Patients with Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases : A Literature Review of Qualitative Studies. Journal of Religion and Health, 56, 1460–1477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0384-2
Kim, Y., Seidlitz, L., Ro, Y., Evinger, J. S., & Duberstein, P. R. (2004). Spirituality and affect : a function of changes in religious affiliation. Personality and Individual Difference, 37, 861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.05.011
Kumala, O. D., Kusprayogi, Y., & Nashori, F. (2017). Efektivitas Pelatihan Dzikir Dalam Meningkatkan Ketenangan Jiwa Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi. Psympathic: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 4(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v4i1.1260
Lee, Chan, M. F., & Mok, E. (2010). Effectiveness of music intervention on the quality of life of older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(12), 2677–2687.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05445.x
Linardakis, M., Papadaki, A., Smpokos, E., Sarri, K., & Vozikaki, M. (2015). Are religiosity and prayer use related with multiple behavioural risk factors for chronic diseases in European adults aged 50 þ years ? Public Health, 129(5), 436–443.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.02.006
McCaffrey, R., & Freeman, E. (2003). Effect of music on chronic osteoarthritis pain in older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(5), 517–524. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0309-2402.2003.02835.x
Miller, C. A. (2012). Nursing for wellness in older adults (6th Editio). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ministry of Health. (2017). Analisis Lansia di Indonesia.
Nabolsi, M. M., & Carson, A. M. (2011). Spirituality, illness and personal responsibility : the experience of Jordanian Muslim men with coronary artery disease. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 25, 716–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00882.x
Nida, F. L. K. (2014). Zikir Sebagai Psikoterapi Dalam Gangguan Kecemasan Bagi Lansia. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam, 5(1), 133–150.
https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/konseling/article/view/1064
Onieva-zafra, D., Hernández-Garcia, L., Gonzalez-del-valle, M., Parra-Fernández, M., & Fernandez-martinez, E. (2018). Music Intervention With Reminiscence Therapy and Reality Orientation for Elderly People With Alzheimer Disease Living in a A Pilot Study. Holistic Nursing Practice, 32(1), 43–50.
https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000247
Park, J.-I., Park, T. W., Yang, J.-C., & Chung, S.-K. (2016). Factors associated with depression among elderly Koreans: the role of chronic illness, subjective health status, and cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics : The Official Journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society, 16(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12160
Ronneberg, C. R., Miller, E. A., Dugan, E., & Porell, F. (2016). The Protective Effects of Religiosity on Depression : A 2-Year Prospective Study. The Gerontologist, 56(3), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu073
Serafim, S. D., da Ponte, F. D. R., Lima, F. M., Martins, D. S., Rosa, A. R., & Kunz, M. (2019). Effects of deep breathing in patients with bipolar disorder. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(1), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12325
Umamah, F., & Fabiyanti, A. (2018). Pengaruh Terapi Musik Dzikir Terhadap Tingkat Depresi pada Lansia di RT 3 RW 2 Rumah Dinas TNI-AL Pulungan. Journal of Health Sciences, 11(2), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v11i2.112
Wallace, M. (2008). Essentials of Gerontological Nursing. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Wang, J. J., Lin, Y. H., & Hsieh, L. Y. (2011). Effects of gerotranscendence support group on gerotranscendence perspective, depression, and life satisfaction of institutionalized elders. Aging and Mental Health, 15(5), 580–586.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.543663
Warner, C. B., Roberts, A. R., Jeanblanc, A. B., & Adams, K. B. (2019). Coping Resources, Loneliness, and Depressive Symptoms of Older Women With Chronic Illness. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 38(3), 295–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464816687218
West Java Province Statistical Bureau. (2017). Profil Lansia Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Westerdahl, E., Wittrin, A., Kånåhols, M., Gunnarsson, M., & Nilsagård, Y. (2016). Deep breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure in patients with multiple sclerosis–a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Respiratory Journal, 10(6), 698–706.
https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12272
WHO. (2017). Elderly population. Retrieved from
http://www.searo.who.int/entity/health_situation_trends/data/chi/elderlypopulation/en/
Zhao, K., Bai, Z. G., Bo, A., & Chi, I. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of music therapy for the older adults with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(11), 1188–1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4494
Recommended Citation
Bahtiar, Bahtiar; Sahar, Junaiti; and Widyatuti, Wdiyatuti
(2020).
Music, dhikr, and deep breathing technique to decrease depression level in older adults: Evidence-based practice in Depok City, Indonesia.
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 4(2), 468-484.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v4i2.1093
Included in
Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons
