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Abstract

Article 292 UNCLOS is a novel provision, both in the law of the sea and in general international law, as no such provision existed before the Convention was adopted. The purpose of procedure is to reconcile the interests of the detaining State in its measures against the flag State. Generally, the flag State wishes its vessel and its crew released promptly while the interest of the detaining State to secure the court appearance of the Master and the payment of penalties. Under Indonesian law, the procedure regarding prompt release is regulated in the provisions of Article 104 of Law Number 45 of 2009. The earlier study stated Article 292 UNCLOS empowers ITLOS to order the release of vessels, which have been detained by a coastal State for violations committed by the vessels in the its EEZ which have not been set free upon the posting of a reasonable bond. This article highlights how international and national law that regulate and implement these procedures.

Bahasa Abstract

Pasal 292 UNCLOS merupakan ketentuan baru dalam hukum laut maupun hukum internasional. Prosedur ini dirancang untuk mencapai keseimbangan kepentingan antara negara pantai dan negara bendera. Negara bendera berkepentingan untuk membebaskan kapal dan awaknya dari penahanan berkepanjangan akibat pengenaan uang jaminan yang tidak masuk akal dari pengadilan (yurisdiksi) negara penahan, sementara negara penahan berkepentingan untuk memastikan pelaksanaan peradilan dan pembayaran denda. Dalam hukum Indonesia, prosedur mengenai prompt release diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 104 Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009. Studi sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa Pasal 292 UNCLOS memberikan kewenangan kepada ITLOS untuk melakukan pembebasan kapal yang ditahan oleh negara pantai atas pelanggaran di ZEE nya yang belum dibebaskan setelah adanya uang jaminan yang layak. Dengan fakta demikian, tulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat bagaimanakah pengaturan prompt release berdasarkan hukum internasional dan hukum nasional dan bagaimana ketentuan pelaksanaanya di Indonesia.

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Hasil wawancara

Wawancara dengan Arief Hidayatullah. Kasubag Hukum pada Direktorat Penanganan Pelanggaran PSDKP, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia, tanggal 24 Mei 2019.

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