•  
  •  
 

Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/

0000-0002-4167-4277

Article Classification

Sustainable Development

Abstract

With around 5.6 million tons of annual plastic consumption and merely 7 percent plastic recycling rate, Indonesia is facing a plastic pollution crisis. The recent progress of Indonesia’s recycling industries has provided an asset to address this crisis. In 2017, the domestic post-consumption plastic waste could only fulfil around 24 percent the domestic needs for recycled plastic, which stands at 1.65 million ton/year. Leveraging the plastic waste ‘asset’ through circular economy can fill this demand gap. A five-month study was conducted to analyse the recycling rate of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP)-based beverage plastic packaging in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area to see their potential in fostering circular economy. Structured interview involving 385 upstream and downstream recycling actors in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area provided primary data for the study. While secondary data from previous studies, academic journals, Nielsen’s audit data and electronic sources complement the primary data, particularly regarding recycling actors and packaging consumption rate. The study showed that over 329 tons of beverage plastic packaging waste was collected daily in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area, in which PET-based packaging had accounted for 78 percent of them. Waste pickers play a key role here by contributing to 65% of the collected PET waste. The study also showcased a mature recycling chain of PET and PP-based packaging with its recycling rate that reaches 74 to 93 percent. Looking at their economic value, PET and PP contributed 30 to 51 percent to the income of waste collectors. It can also be estimated that economic activities related to PET management in the could generate IDR 700 million per day at collector level only. The demands of PET continue to increase following the growing innovation in PET-based products. An effectively managed PET and PP plastic system could simultaneously address this demand and foster circular economy.

References

ADUPI. (2021). Unpublished Presentation of ADUPI.

Agenda, I. (2016, January). The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics. In The World Economic Forum: Geneva, Switzerland (p. 36).

Awaja, F., & Pavel, D. (2005). Recycling of PET. European Polymer Journal, 41(7), 1453-1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.02.005

Badan Pusat Stastitik (BPS). (2021). Kependudukan Jabodetabek. https://bps.go.id/subject/12/kependudukan.html#subjekViewTab3

Choudhary, K., Sangwan, K. S., & Goyal, D. (2019). Environment and economic impacts assessment of PET waste recycling with conventional and renewable sources of energy. Procedia CIRP, 80, 422-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.01.096

Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs. (2017). Executive Summary: Indonesia’s Plan of Action on Marine Plastic Debris 2017-2025. 1-5.

Cordova, M. R. (2017). Pencemaran Plastik Di Laut. Oseana, 42(3), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.3.82

Danone Aqua. (2020). AQUA LIFE: Perwujudan Inovasi Kemasan Botol Daur Ulang Dari AQUA. https://www.sehataqua.co.id/aqua-life-perwujudan-inovasi-kemasan-botol-daur-ulang-dari-aqua/

Darus, N., Tamimi, M., Tirawaty, S., Muchtazar, M., Trisyanti, D., Akib, R., ... & Ranggi, K. (2020). an Overview of Plastic Waste Recycling in the Urban Areas of Java Island in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development, 3(2), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v3i2.1073

Ebner, N., & Iacovidou, E. (2021). The challenges of Covid-19 pandemic on improving plastic waste recycling rates. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 726-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.07.001

Farooque, M., Zhang, A., Thürer, M., Qu, T., & Huisingh, D. (2019). Circular supply chain management: A definition and structured literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 882-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.303

Grahaexcel Plastindo. (2020). PET (Polyethene Terepthalate) - Atap Lembar Bening Inovasi Pengganti Kaca. https://www.grahaexcel.com/articles/tips/pet-polyethene-terepthalate-atap-lembar-bening-inovasi-pengganti-kaca

H. M Indonesia. (2020). Lets Clean-up HMS Latest Kidswear Collection Transform. H. M Company Website. https://about.hm.com/news/general-news-2020/let-s-clean-up--h-m-s-latest-kidswear-collection-transforms-plas.html

Hadtex. (2020). Daur Ulang Plastik. Hadtex Company Website.

http://hadtex.com/2020/daur-ulang-plastik/

Indonesia, I. P. (2018). Sirkulasi Ekonomi Pemulung di TPST Bantar Gebang Kota Bekasi di Bidang Kantong Plastik Kresek. IPI. https://si-ipi.com/

Indriani, R., Namtini, S. S., Presiana, D., Waty, D. R., Suyatma, N. E., Restiani, Y., & Nugraha, R. S. (2019). Pedoman dan Kriteria Plastik Berbahan Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET) Daur Ulang Yang Aman Untuk Kemasan Pangan.

LanggengJaya. (n.d.). TALI STRAPPING PET (POLIETILENA TEREFTALAT) : INDUSTRI DAN KERAJINAN ONESTRAP. https://langgengjayagroup.com/pet-strapping-band.html

Leonard, S., & Barra, R. (2018). Plastics and the Circular Economy. Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel to the Global Environment Facility. The Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) to the Global Environment Facility. https://stapgef.org/sites/default/files/publications/PLASTICS for posting.pdf

Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2020). National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia. 46. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/32898/NPWRSI.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2021). Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN). http://sipsn.menlhk.go.id

Ministry of Industry. (2019). Kemenperin Genjot Daya Saing Industri Plastik dan Karet. https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/20819/Kemenperin-Genjot-Daya-Saing-Industri-Plastik-dan-

Ministry of Public Works and Housing. (2017). Petunjuk Teknis TPS 3R Tempat Pengolahan Sampah 3R. Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan - Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Permukiman, 152.

Ministry of Public Works and Housing. (2021). SIM Persampahan. Direktorat Sanitasi. http://ciptakarya.pu.go.id/plp/simpersampahan/baseline/

Ncube, L. K., Ude, A. U., Ogunmuyiwa, E. N., Zulkifli, R., & Beas, I. N. (2021). An overview of plasticwaste generation and management in food packaging industries. Recycling, 6(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010012

NPAP. (2020). Radically Reducing Plastic Pollution in Indonesia: A Multistakeholder Action Plan. NPAP, April, 44. https://globalplasticaction.org/wp-content/uploads/NPAP-Indonesia-Multistakeholder-Action-Plan_April-2020.pdf

Patel, T. (2019). Grab This T-Shirt & You Recycle 12 PET Bottles and Save 2700 Litres of Water!. The Better India. https://www.thebetterindia.com/196978/lifestyle-plastic-recycled-eco-friendly-shirts-pollution-save-water-order-online/

Polindo. (2021). Polipack. Polindo Utama Company Website. http://polindo-utama.gbgindonesia.com/index.php/polipack/

PTGSI. (n.d.). PET Woven Geotextile. http://ptgsi.com/pet-indo?language=id

Purnomo, K. (2019). Daur Ulang Plastik Menjadi Kemasan Botol Baru. Kompas.Com.

Salhofer, S., Jandric, A., Soudachanh, S., Xuan, T. Le, & Tran, T. D. (2021). Plastic recycling practices in vietnam and related hazards for health and the environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084203

Salim, R. (2013). Waste Not, Want Not : “Waste Banks” in Indonesia. World Bank. https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/waste-not-want-not-waste-banks-indonesia

Setiawan, V. N. (2021). Danone AQUA-Veolia Bangun Pabrik Daur Ulang Botol Plastik di Pasuruan. Katadata.Co.Id. https://katadata.co.id/happyfajrian/ekonomi-hijau/60dc11eea63b8/danone-aqua-veolia-bangun-pabrik-daur-ulang-botol-plastik-di-pasuruan

Smithers. (2020). Global PET packaging demand to reach $44.1 billion in 2020 says Smithers report. https://www.smithers.com/resources/2020/sept/global-pet-packaging-demand-to-reach-$44-1-billion

SYSTEMIQ, P. C. T. (2020). Breaking The Wave: A Comprehensive Assessment of Pathways Towards Stopping Ocean Plastic Pollution. Breaking the Plastic Wave: A Comprehensive Assessment of Pathways Towards Stopping Ocean Plastic Pollution.

Tech, G. (2021). Products of Green Tech. Green Tech Company Website. https://www.green-tech-global.com/en/products/pet-strap

Textile Value Chain. (2012). PET BOTTLE RECYCLING & NONWOVENS. https://textilevaluechain.in/in-depth-analysis/articles/textile-articles/pet-bottle-recycling-nonwovens/

Universitas Islam Indonesia. (2017). Genteng Beton Limbah PET: Ringan, Aman, dan Ramah Lingkungan. https://www.uii.ac.id/genteng-beton-limbah-pet-ringan-aman-dan-ramah-lingkungan/

Winnerdy, F. R., & Laoda, M. (2020). Daur Ulang Plastik untuk Bahan Bangunan. Jurnal Strategi Desain Dan Inovasi Sosial, 1(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.37312/jsdis.v1i2.2354

Wolven, J. (2021). The solution to plastic pollution. Ellen Mac Arthur Foundation. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/articles/the-solution-to-plastic-pollution

World Economic Forum. (2020). Radically reducing plastic pollution in Indonesia: A multistakeholder action plan; Natonal Plastic Action Plan Partnership.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.