Abstract
The Gulf region in 2017 experienced a diplomatic crisis that was quite complicated so that it could be said as a regional conflict which was manifested in the form of a blockade and the closure of diplomatic relations between them. This crisis mainly involves Saudi and its allies to blockade Qatar in various ways. This conflict made Kuwait emerge as a mediator trying to restore the diplomatic situation in the Gulf region back to normal. By using literature studies and qualitative research methods in analyzing the data, it can be seen that Kuwait succeeded in neutralizing and slowly returning to the situation in the Gulf region to open the blockade and re-establish diplomatic relations with Qatar. So it can be concluded that Kuwait formed a narrative of “solidarity” and “stability” to reconcile the conflict situation.
Bahasa Abstract
Kawasan Teluk pada tahun 2017 mengalami krisis diplomatik yang cukup pelik hingga dapat dikatakan sebagai konflik regional yang dimanifestasikan dalam bentuk blokade dan penutupan hubungan diplomasi diantara mereka. Krisis ini utamanya melibatkan Saudi dan sekutunya untuk memblokade Qatar dalam berbagai sisi. Konflik ini menjadikan Kuwait muncul sebagai mediator yang berupaya untuk mengembalikan situasi diplomatik kawasan Teluk kembali seperti semula. Dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam menganalisis data, dapat diketahui bahwa Kuwait berhasil untuk menetralisir dan perlahan dapat mengembalikan situasi kawasan Teluk untuk membuka blokade dan kembali menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan Qatar. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kuwait membentuk narasi “solidaritas” dan “stabilitas” untuk mendamaikan situasi konflik.
References
Antonius, dkk. 2002. Empowerment, Stress dan Konflik. Jakarta: Ghalian. Indonesia.
Bunyamin, Maftuh. 2005. Implementasi Model Pengajaran Resolusi Konflik Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Sekolah Menengah Atas, Disertasi Doktor pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia: tidak diterbitkan.
Baabood, A. 2017. Qatar’s Resilience Strategy and Implications for State-Society Relations. Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2.
Christopher W. Moore, 2003, The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict, 3rd ed, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Publisher.
Coleman, P.T., Deutsch, M., Marcus, E.C. (2014). The handbook of conflict resolution: theory and practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Darmansjah Djumala, 2013, Soft Power Untuk Aceh, Resolusi Konflik dan Politik Desentralisasi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Deutsch, M 2006a. Cooperation and competition. In The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice, edited by M. Deutsch, P. T. Coleman, and E. C. Marcus. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Ennis, E. E. 2018. International Coverage of Qatar During Blockade. Northwestern University in Qatar, 2.
Hugh Miall, D. 2002. Resolusi Damai Konflik Kontemporer. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Iwansyah, Henry. 2013. Segregasi Sosial dan Relevansinya dengan Konflik Komunal Berbasis Sara. Lampung: Percetakan Osa.
Jamil, M. Mukhsin. 2007. Mengelola Konflik Membangun Damai: Teori, Strategi dan Implementasi Resolusi Konflik. Semarang: Walisongo Mediation Centre.
Keethaponcalan, S. I. 2017. Conflict resolution: an introduction to third party intervention. London: Lexington Books.
Mindes, Gayle. 2006. Teaching Young Children Social Studies. United States of America: Praeger Publishers.
Nicholson, M. 1991. Negotiation, agreement, and conflict resolution: The role of rational approaches and their criticism. Dalam Raimo V. (Ed), New Directions in Conflict Theory: Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation, London, UK: Sage Publication.
Putra, P.F.G. 2009. Meretas perdamaian dalam konflik pilkada langsung. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Scannell, Mary. 2010. The Big Book of Conflict Resolution Games. United States of America: McGraw – Hill Companies, Inc.
Soekanto, Soerjono. 2006. Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Wallensteen, P. 2012. Understanding Conflict Resolution: War, Peace, and the Global System. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Waltz, K. N. 1959. Man, the State and War. New York: Colombia University Press.
___________1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company
Jurnal
Alenezi, Adnan. 2018. The regional challenges affecting Kuwait’s national security. Journal Review of Economics and Political Science Vol. 5 No. 1, 2020 pp. 57-68
Al-Mutairi, Mohammed S. , Dhakir Abbas Ali. 2022. Attitude Of Kuwait Mediation From Gulf Crisis. Journal of Positive School Psychology 2022, Vol.6, No.4, 3982 - 3991
Al-Nakib, Farah. 2012. The Lost “Two-Thirds”: Kuwait’s Territorial Decline between 1913 and 1922. Journal of Arabian Studies 2 (1): 19–37.
Alajmi, A. 2018. The Gulf Crisis: An Insight into Kuwait’s Mediation Efforts. International Relationsand Diplomacy, 6 (10), 537–48.
Fraihat, Ibrahim. 2020. Superpower and Small-State Mediation in the Qatar Gulf Crisis. Journal The International Spectator 2020, Vol. 55, No. 2, 79-91.
Herz, J. H. 1950. Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma. World Politics, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Jan., 1950), pp. 157-180.
Kazanský, R., & Andrassy, V. 2019. Conflict Resolution Approaches Towards Smart Sustainability of Internal Relations. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(3), 1468–1484.
Tirab, Mohamed. 2014. Qatar as Mediator Needed a Mediator. American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 4, No. 9; September 2014.
Toth, Anthony. 2005. Tribes and Tribulations: Bedouin Losses in the Saudi and Iraqi Struggles over Kuwait’s Frontiers, 1921-1943. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 32 (2): 145–67.
Turki, Benyan. 2014. The Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development and Its Activities in African Countries, 1961-2010. Middle East Journal 68 (3): 421–35.
Wallesnteen, Peter. 2012. ‘Armed Conflicts, 1946–2011’, Journal of Peace Research 49/4 pp.565–75.
Woodhouse, T. 2010. Adam Curle: Radical Peacemaker and Pioneer of Peace Studies. Journal of Conflictology, 1(1), 5.
Laman Situs
Arab states issue 13 demands to end Qatar-Gulf crisis https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/7/12/arab-states-issue-13-demands-to-end-qatar-gulf-crisis. Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Bakeer, Ali. 2017. GCC Crisis: Why is Kuwaiti Mediation Not Working? Al Jazeera, 11 August. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2017/8/11/gcc-crisis-why-is-kuwaiti-mediation-not-working. Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Barakat, Sultan. 2012. The Qatari Spring: Qatar’s emerging role in peacemaking. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/59266/1/The-Qatari-Spring%20-%20Qatars-Emerging-Role-in-Peacemaking.pdf. Diakases Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Cole, Juan. 2018. David and Goliath: How Qatar Defeated the Saudi and UAE Annexation Plot. The Nation, 16 February. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/david-and-goliath-how-qatar-defeated-the-saudi-and-uae-annexation-plot/. Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Discovery. Working paper. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, November. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/blueprint-history-dubais-spatial-development-through-oil-discovery. Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Deutsche Welle. 2017. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) meeting breaks up within hours. https://www.dw.com/en/gulf-cooperation-council-gcc-meeting-breaks-up-within-hours/a-41665718. Diakses pada Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Emir of Kuwait wraps up Gulf mediation visits. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/6/7/emir-of-kuwait-wraps-up-gulf-mediation-visits. Diakses pada Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Garcia, B. 2019. Washington Supports Kuwait’s Efforts in Stabilizing the Region. Kuwait Times, 4 September. https://www.pressreader.com/kuwait/kuwait-times/20190904/281496457964267. Diakses pada Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Kabalan, Marwan. 2018. Kuwait’s GCC Mediation: Incentives and Reasons for Failure. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/kuwaits-gcc-mediation-incentives-and-reasons-for-failure/. Diakses Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Krisis Qatar: Empat faktor kejengkelan tetangga Arab. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-40169036. Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Krisis Qatar: 'Capaian historis', Saudi dan pemimpin negara Teluk akhiri embargo tiga setengah tahun. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-55546780. Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2017, https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/publications/ASB2017_13062017.pdf. Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Qatar-Iran Economic Relations Will Improve, Contrary to Saudi Arabia’s Intent. https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2017/10/27/qatar-iran-economic-relations-will-improve-contrary-to-saudi-arabias-intent/. Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Salama, Samir. 2017. Kuwait Does What It Does Best – Mediation. Gulf News, 24 July. https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-does-what-it-does-best--mediation-1.2063455. Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Setelah 3 Tahun Berselisih, Arab Saudi Pulihkan Hubungan dengan Qatar. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/setelah-3-tahun-berselisih-arab-saudi-pulihkan-hubungan-dengan-qatar/5726076.html. Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/qatar/. Diakses Diakses 15 Mei 2022.
Recommended Citation
Yus, Agung Qosym and Hannase, Mulawarman
(2022)
"Kuwait's Leadership In Mediation Of The Gave State Diplomic Conflict 2017-2019,"
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies: Vol. 9:
No.
1, Article 5.
DOI: 10.7454/meis.v9i1.145
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/meis/vol9/iss1/5