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Abstract

This study aims to develop a typology of child poverty and identify protective factors that can support the formulation of social development strategies. The research was conducted through a case study in a scavenger settlement area in Jakarta using a qualitative approach, through observations and in-depth interviews. The findings show that child poverty in scavenger communities can be categorized into three main dimensions: material poverty, opportunity poverty, and relational poverty. However, behind these vulnerabilities, several protective factors play a crucial role in sustaining the resilience of both children and the community. In the dimension of material poverty, although children face limitations in accessing basic needs, family social support emerges as the primary protective factor. In the dimension of opportunity poverty, some children continue to demonstrate high learning motivation and adaptability despite not being enrolled in formal schools. The presence of social institutions, volunteer educators, and non-formal learning activities within the settlement serves as institutional protective factors that provide children with opportunities to acquire basic skills and broaden their knowledge. Meanwhile, in the dimension of relational poverty, although children experience social stigma, emotional support from the community functions as an important psychosocial protective factor. Based on these findings, social development strategies are directed toward strengthening protective factors through participatory and integrative approaches. Interventions should not only focus on meeting individual welfare needs but also on building the capacities of families and communities as social ecosystems that support children's growth and development.

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat tipologi kemiskinan anak serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor protektif yang dapat mendukung pengembangan strategi pembangunan sosial. Penelitian dilakukan melalui studi kasus di kawasan pemukiman kampung pemulung di Jakarta dengan pendekatan kualitatif, melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan anak pemulung dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga dimensi utama, yaitu material poverty, opportunity poverty, dan relational poverty. Namun, di balik kondisi kerentanan tersebut, terdapat sejumlah faktor protektif yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan daya lenting anak dan komunitas. Pada dimensi material poverty, meskipun anak-anak menghadapi keterbatasan dalam akses kebutuhan dasar, adanya dukungan sosial keluarga menjadi faktor pelindung utama. Pada dimensi opportunity poverty, sebagian anak tetap menunjukkan motivasi belajar tinggi dan semangat beradaptasi, walaupun tidak terdaftar di sekolah formal. Kehadiran lembaga sosial, relawan pendidikan, serta kegiatan belajar nonformal di lingkungan kampung menjadi sumber protektif institusional yang membuka peluang anak untuk memperoleh keterampilan dasar dan memperluas wawasan. Sementara itu, pada dimensi relational poverty, meskipun anak-anak menghadapi stigma sosial, dukungan emosional dari komunitas kampung berperan sebagai faktor protektif psikososial. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, strategi pembangunan sosial diarahkan pada penguatan faktor-faktor protektif melalui pendekatan partisipatif dan integratif. Intervensi tidak hanya berorientasi pada pemenuhan kesejahteraan individual, tetapi juga pada pembangunan kapasitas keluarga dan komunitas sebagai ekosistem sosial yang mendukung tumbuh kembang anak.

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