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Abstract

International trade plays an important role in Indonesia's economy, with protectionism and free trade being the two main approaches in the country's trade policy. Protectionism, which aims to protect domestic industries by restricting imports, is often challenged in the face of the need to integrate global markets. In contrast, free trade seeks to open markets without barriers, which can accelerate economic growth and improve international relations. This research aims to explore the impact of protectionism and free trade policies on the Indonesian economy and provide recommendations for the government. The research uses a qualitative approach through a literature study that involves analyzing economic theories, Indonesian export-import data, as well as policies implemented by the government. The results show that while protectionism provides protection for domestic products, it can limit innovation and reduce the competitiveness of Indonesian industries in the global market. On the other hand, free trade opens up wider market opportunities, but can affect local industries, especially MSMEs, which find it difficult to compete with imported products. In conclusion, it is important for Indonesia to balance these two policies by optimizing support for the domestic sector and strengthening international trade policies. The recommendation for the government is to strengthen policies that support the competitiveness of local industries without hindering global market integration.

Bahasa Abstract

Perdagangan internasional memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, dengan proteksionisme dan perdagangan bebas menjadi dua pendekatan utama dalam kebijakan perdagangan negara. Proteksionisme, yang bertujuan untuk melindungi industri domestik dengan membatasi impor, sering kali mendapat tantangan dalam menghadapi kebutuhan untuk mengintegrasikan pasar global. Sebaliknya, perdagangan bebas berupaya membuka pasar tanpa hambatan, yang dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan meningkatkan hubungan internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak kebijakan proteksionisme dan perdagangan bebas terhadap ekonomi Indonesia serta memberikan rekomendasi bagi pemerintah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur yang melibatkan analisis teori ekonomi, data ekspor-impor Indonesia, serta kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun proteksionisme memberikan perlindungan terhadap produk domestik, kebijakan ini dapat membatasi inovasi dan mengurangi daya saing industri Indonesia di pasar global. Di sisi lain, perdagangan bebas membuka peluang pasar yang lebih luas, namun dapat mempengaruhi industri lokal, terutama UMKM, yang kesulitan berkompetisi dengan produk impor. Kesimpulannya, penting bagi Indonesia untuk menyeimbangkan kedua kebijakan ini dengan mengoptimalkan dukungan terhadap sektor domestik dan memperkuat kebijakan perdagangan internasional. Rekomendasi untuk pemerintah adalah memperkuat kebijakan yang mendukung daya saing industri lokal tanpa menghambat integrasi pasar global.

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