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Abstract

Down syndrome is a condition of physical and mental developmental delays caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Children with Down syndrome generally show differences in motor development compared to other children, including delays in developing independence in daily activities. This study evaluates An. N, a 9-year and 9-month-old child with Down syndrome, who has issues with independence, particularly in toileting activities. To address this issue, an occupational therapy program was implemented using behavior modification and sensory integration approaches. The behavior modification techniques employed included positive reinforcement and prompting (physical, verbal, gestural, modeling), while the sensory integration techniques involved play. The results of the study showed that after 20 therapy sessions, An. N's ability in toileting activities significantly improved, as reflected by the change in the WeeFIM assessment score for the toileting component from 1 (Total assistance) to 5 (Supervision). This indicates an improvement in the child's independence in daily activities.

Bahasa Abstract

Down syndrome adalah kondisi keterbelakangan perkembangan fisik dan mental yang disebabkan oleh abnormalitas kromosom. Anak-anak dengan down syndrome umumnya menunjukkan perbedaan dalam perkembangan motorik dibandingkan anak-anak lainnya, termasuk keterlambatan dalam perkembangan kemandirian aktivitas sehari-hari. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi An. N, seorang anak usia 9 tahun 9 bulan dengan down syndrome, yang mengalami masalah kemandirian terutama dalam aktivitas toileting. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diterapkan program okupasi terapi dengan pendekatan modifikasi perilaku dan integrasi sensori. Teknik modifikasi perilaku yang digunakan meliputi reinforcement positif dan prompting (fisik, verbal, gestur, modeling), sedangkan teknik integrasi sensori yang diterapkan adalah bermain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah 20 sesi terapi, kemampuan An. N dalam aktivitas toileting mengalami peningkatan signifikan, yang tercermin dari perubahan skor pada assessment WeeFIM komponen toileting, dari skor 1 (Bantuan penuh) menjadi skor 5 (Supervisi). Hal ini mengindikasikan perkembangan kemandirian anak dalam aktivitas sehari-hari.

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