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Abstract

Abstract

On 29 April, 2021, The Indonesian Government declared the Armed Criminal Group (KKB) as a Separatism Terrorist Group (KST), in response to the casualties, both from the military and civilian parties. In particular, the death of the Kabinda of Papua and Bharada Komang was a catalyst for this announcement as previous conflict resolution steps failed to address the ongoing conflict in Papua. The increased risk of terrorism in the Papuan region is driven by the lack of research into focused deradicalization programs. In this article, the author seeks to address how a targeted deradicalization program is an appropriate conflict approach to this situation. This paper proposes the Penta-Helix concept as a suitable program, which seeks to facilitate the specific needs for deradicalisation in this region. The Penta-Helix concept is based on five factors: the history of separatism in Papua, the traditions of the Papuan people, the variance between religious and secular radicalism, the concept of deradicalisation and disengagement, and the TNI-Polri Operasi Penggalangan and the current deradicalization program in Indonesia. The collaboration and cooperation of the Pentahelix concept’s five factors, in the form of representative actors, are essential in the development and implementation of three stages of the proposed deradicalization program: identification, psychological adjustment, and aftercare. Finally, this paper outlines eight recommendations, called the “Optimization Strategy for the Deradicalization Program”, which intend to be applied for sustainable deradicalisation of Papuan terrorism separatists.

Bahasa Abstract

Pada 29 April 2021, Pemerintah Indonesia menyatakan Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata (KKB) sebagai Kelompok Teroris Separatisme (KST), sebagai tanggapan atas jatuhnya korban, baik dari pihak militer maupun sipil. Secara khusus, kematian Kabinda Papua dan Bharada Komang menjadi katalisator keputusan ini karena langkah-langkah resolusi konflik sebelumnya gagal mengatasi konflik yang sedang berlangsung di Papua. Meningkatnya risiko terorisme di wilayah Papua didorong oleh kurangnya penelitian yang terfokus terhadap program deradikalisasi. Makalah ini mengusulkan konsep Penta-Helix sebagai program yang tepat, yang berupaya memfasilitasi kebutuhan spesifik deradikalisasi di wilayah Papua. Konsep Penta-Helix didasarkan pada lima faktor: sejarah separatisme di Papua, tradisi masyarakat Papua, perbedaan antara radikalisme agama dan sekuler, konsep deradikalisasi dan disengagement, serta Operasi Penggalangan TNI-Polri program deradikalisasi di Indonesia saat ini. Kolaborasi dan kerjasama lima faktor konsep Pentahelix, berupa aktor representatif, sangat penting dalam pengembangan dan implementasi tiga tahap program deradikalisasi yang diusulkan: identifikasi, penyesuaian psikologis, dan aftercare. Terakhir, makalah ini menguraikan delapan rekomendasi, yang disebut “Strategi Optimalisasi Program Deradikalisasi”, yang dimaksudkan untuk diterapkan dalam deradikalisasi separatis terorisme Papua yang berkelanjutan.

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