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Abstract

The 2020 National Commission on Violence Against Women's Annual Records identified the rise of a new type of violence against gender in Indonesia, specifically electronic-based sexual violence (Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Elektronik/KSBE) which is part of gender-based violence in the digital spaces or Online Gender-Based Violence (OGBV). In 2020, KSBE cases increased 300% compared to the previous year. So far, the arrangements for tackling KSBE perpetrators in Indonesia have been inadequate. Existing laws do not contain procedures that are sensitive to victims and lack a human rights and gender perspective. Currently, Indonesia has adopted a new regulation related to handling sexual violence, namely Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes. The authors analyse laws and regulations relevant to online sexual violence and its extension (involving physical action), from the perspective of human rights and women's rights. Thus, several significant regulations apart from the Sexual Violence Crimes Law are discussed, namely the Criminal Code, the Information and Transaction Law, the Anti-Pornography Law, and the Child Protection Law. We argue that protection of KSBE victims must be made the main goal of law enforcement. The loss of the victim's privacy and the dissemination of personal data violate victims’ human rights guaranteed by the state, and therefore derivative regulations regarding the UU TPKS (Sexual Violence Law) need to be issued and existing laws harmonized with it. Moreover, additional special victim rights regulations regarding electronic-based sexual violence are necessary, especially for KSBE acts that require a quick response, such as removing sexually explicit content.

Bahasa Abstract

Merujuk pada Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan tahun 2020, mencatat adanya kekerasan gender jenis baru, yaitu kekerasan gender berbasis siber atau online. Kasus kekerasan ini terus meningkat selama enam tahun terakhir, meningkat 300% pada Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Elektronik (KSBE) dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya (2019) (Komnas Perempuan, 2020). Sejauh ini, pengaturan untuk menjerat pelaku KSBE belum memadai. Undang-undang yang digunakan masih belum mengakomodasi hukum acara yang sensitif terhadap korban dan berperspektif HAM dan gender. Saat ini Indonesia memiliki peraturan baru terkait penanganan kekerasan seksual. Aturan tersebut berbentuk undang-undang yakni UU Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 dengan judul UU Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Selain itu, terdapat peraturan khusus mengenai hak-hak korban untuk kekerasan seksual berbasis elektronik yang memerlukan respons cepat dalam menghapus konten. Penulis melakukan upaya untuk mendalami beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan terkait dengan kekerasan seksual, tindak pidana yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan media digital atau perluasannya (melibatkan tindakan fisik), perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan hak-hak perempuan. Dalam penelusuran tersebut, peneliti menemukan beberapa peraturan penting selain UU TPKS, yakni KUHP, UU ITE, UU Pornografi, dan UU Perlindungan Anak. Penghapusan konten seksual menjadi salah satu jaminan perlindungan korban KSBE yang bisa dianggap sebagai tujuan utama. Hilangnya privasi korban dan penyebaran data pribadi yang dilakukannya menyebabkan korban banyak kehilangan hak asasi manusia yang dijamin negara, dan mendesaknya peraturan turunan mengenai UU TPKS perlu segera diterbitkan dan diselaraskan.

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