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Divorce of International Mixed Marriage and Marriage held Abroad and Indonesian Private International Law

Abstract

The unstoppable tide of globalism not only brings an increasing commercial interconnectivity between nations, but also bonds of matrimony, and in turn, the chance of divorce. Indonesian courts entertaining international divorce cases is certainly not a rarity, either divorce of the international mixed marriage or the marriage that held abroad. Two recent divorce cases with a foreign element, Indonesian courts declared having no jurisdiction under grounds of litis pendentie and forum non-convenience including one by the Indonesian Supreme Court; in a further three cases, the courts, after addressing the preliminary question of marriage, applied the lex fori, or Indonesian marriage law, as the applicable law to decide grounds of divorce. This article will thus examine five cases based on the principles of Indonesian private international law; first, on how Indonesian courts state that it has an authority to settle the submitted claims; therefore, second, settle the case according to its law, as in line with the principle of lex fori. This research employs normative juridical research upon five cases of divorce that settled before the Indonesian courts. This article finds that Indonesian judges implies international civil procedural law and Indonesian law as the applicable law in settling the divorce cases in question accordingly.

Bahasa Abstract

Gelombang yang tak terbendung tidak hanya membawa konektivitas komersial yang meningkat antar bangsa, tetapi juga ikatan pernikahan, dan pada gilirannya, kemungkinan perceraian. Pengadilan Indonesia tak jarang mengadili perkara perceraian internasional, baik perceraian perkawinan campuran internasional maupun perkawinan yang dilakukan di luar negeri. Pengadilan Indonesia menyatakan tidak memiliki yurisdiksi dengan alasan litis pendentie dan forum non-convenience, salah satunya dikuatkan oleh oleh Mahkamah Agung RI. Tiga kasus selanjutnya, Pengadilan, setelah menjawab pertanyaan awal perkawinan, menerapkan lex fori, atau hukum perkawinan Indonesia sebagai hukum yang berlaku untuk memutuskan alasan perceraian. Karenanya, artikel ini mengkaji lima kasus berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip hukum perdata internasional Indonesia; pertama, bagaimana pengadilan Indonesia menyatakan berwenang menyelesaikan gugatan yang diajukan. Kedua, kedua bagaimanakan hakim selesaikan perkara menurut hukumnya, sesuai dengan asas lex fori tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif terhadap lima kasus perceraian yang telah diselesaikan di Pengadilan Indonesia. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa hakim Indonesia menerapkan hukum acara perdata internasional dan hukum Indonesia sebagai hukum yang berlaku dalam menyelesaikan kasus perceraian tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia, Hukum Keluarga Indonesia, Perceraian

References

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Algemene Bepalingen van Wetgeving, S. 1874-23,

Civil Judicature Act of 1986

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Case Law

Indonesia

Central Jakarta Religious Court Decision No. 0304/Pdt.G/2014/PA.JP

Cibinong Religious Court Decision No. 546/Pdt.G/2014/PA.Cbn

Constitutional Court Decision No. 38/PUU-IX/2011.

Singaraja District Court Decision No. 449/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Sgr

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Supreme Court Decision No. 397/K/Ag/1995

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United States

Ellen Luminta v Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. and Others No. 01-14-00207-CV (Tex. App. Aug. 27 2015)

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Gulf Oil Corp. v Gilbert 330 U.S. 507 (1947),

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Ogden v Ogden [1908] P. 46.

Udny v Udny [1869] Lr 1 Sc & Div 441

France

Anton v. Bartolo, Clunet (1891), 1171.

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