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Abstract

The Hague Conventions include a general participation clause and is regarded as customary international law, meaning that ASEAN countries are considered bound by the norms contained within the convention. The declaration of war as stated in the Hague Convention III of 1907 was adopted in Article 11 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which, to date, has not provided further regulations governing the implementation of legislative and executive powers concerning the declaration of war. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the constitutional arrangements for the state of war in ASEAN countries through comparative law study to determine and observe the pattern of these arrangements to be implemented in Indonesia. The results of research regarding the practice of war in 10 ASEAN countries. Firstly, the constitutional pattern in ASEAN countries follows the parliamentary model. Secondly, there are checks and balances between parliament and the government during a state of war. Thirdly, in a state of war or other emergencies, it is necessary to extend the term of office of the parliament and the president. Fourthly, the extension and termination of a state of war or other emergency is in the hands of parliament. Fifthly, the existence of a time limit is necessary during a state of war. Sixthly, exceptions in a state of war include constitutional amendments prohibited, the parliament may not be dissolved, and can restrict or suspend human rights. Lastly, in Indonesia, it is necessary to include the DPD in the declaration of a state of war.

References

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Cornell Law School. “Emergency Powers.” Accessed 5 December 2023, https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/emergency_powers.

Geneva Centre for The Democratic Control of Armed Forces . “What Is State of Emergency.” Accessed 1 October 2023, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/14131/backgrounder_02_states_emergency.pdf.

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