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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the impact of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) on the national shipping industry highly imbalanced with relevant business policies. The AEC agreement is also expected to positively affect the shipping industry while controlling domestic and competing in international activities. In this study, a normative method was used, with the collection of data carried out through literature studies. The Maritime Vision of Indonesia, which is the Policy Direction and Strategy for The Development of Marine Transportation, was also implemented to motivate the country toward becoming the World Maritime Axis. This emphasized becoming a developed, sovereign, independent, and strong maritime country, which was able to positively contribute to regional and global security and peace, according to national interests. Furthermore, the Marine Policy of Indonesia was prepared regarding the Development Vision of the country, as stated in Law Number 17 of 2007 concerning the National Long-Term Development Plan 2005-2025 and Law Number 32 of 2014 emphasizing Marine Affairs. The results showed that the implementation of ASSM (ASEAN Shipping Single Market) impacted the national shipping industry, due to increasingly open competition. Based on the AEC era, Indonesia should be internally and externally ready, for the effective and efficient prioritization of shipping transportation activities. The country should also be ready to compete nationally and internationally, specifically in sea transportation, as one of the important components of the national shipping sector.

References

Journal Articles and Periodicals

Kadarisman, Muh, Yuliantini Yuliantini, Suharto Abdul Majid. “Formulasi Kebijakan Sistem Transportasi Laut [Policy for The Transportation System at Sea].” Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi dan Logistik 3, no. 2 (2016): 161-183.

Puspitawati, Dhiana. “Urgent Need for National Maritime Security Arrangement in Indonesia: Towards Global Maritime Fulcrum.” Indonesian Journal of International Law 14, no. 3 (2017): 321-347. DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol14.3.697

Siregar, Mahmul and M. Iqbal Asnawi. “Cabotage Principle Pada Regulasi Jasa Angkutan di Dalam Perairan Indonesia dari Perspektif Sistem Perdagangan Multilateral WTO/GATS [Cabotage Principle on Water Transportation from Multilateral Perspective].” USU Law Review 12, no. 2 (2012):193-214.

Suffian, Firdausi, Mohammed Rahezzal Shah Abdul Karim, Abdul Kadir Rosline, et. al., “Policy Fiasco: The Sabotage of Cabotage Policy Malaysia,” International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 3, no. 6 (2013): 514-517. doi: 10.7763/IJSSH.2013.V3.294.

Books

Arifin, Sjamsul, Rizal A. Djaafara, Aida S. Budiman, eds. Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN 2015: Memperkuat Sinergi ASEAN Di Tengah Kompetisi Global [ASEAN Economic Community: Strengthening ASEAN in Global Competition]. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo, 2008.

Murtie, Afin. Bisnis Tahan Banting Sambut Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN [Sustainable Business on ASEAN Economic Community]. Semarang: Cable Book, 2015.

Noorsy, Ichsanuddin, Shanti Darmastuti, Dani Setiawan, Ketimpangan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN: Apa Mendominasi Siapa? [Inequality of The ASEAN Economic Community: Who is dominating?], Volume 2. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 2016.

Wijatno, Serian and Ariawan Gunadi. Perdagangan Bebas Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdagangan Internasional [Free Trade from International Trade Law Perspective]. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2014.

Legal Documents

Indonesia. Undang-Undang Tentang Kelautan. UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2014. (Law No. 32 of 2014 on Marine Affairs).

Indonesia. Undang-Undang Tentang Pelayaran. UU No. 17 Tahun 2008. (Law No. 17 of 2007 on the National Long-Term Development Plan for 2005-2025).

Indonesia. Undang-Undang Tentang Penanaman Modal. UU No. 25 Tahun 2007. (Law No. 25 of 2007 on Capital Investment).

Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Tentang Angkutan di Perairan. PP No. 20 Tahun 2010. (Government Regulations No. 20 of 2010 on Transportation in Waters).

Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Tentang Kebijakan Kelautan Indonesia. Perpres No. 16 Tahun 2017. Presidential Decree No. 16 of 2017 on The Indonesian Maritime Policy).

Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Tentang Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. Perpres No. 90 Tahun 2007. (Presidential Regulation No. 90 of 2007 on The Investment Coordinating Board).

Indonesia. Instruksi Presiden Tentang Pemberdayaan Industri Pelayaranan Nasional, Inpres No. 5 Tahun 2005. (Presidential Instruction No. 5 of 2005 on The Empowerment of the National Shipping Industry).

Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 23 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengesahan Persetujuan Transportasi Laut Antara Pemerintah Negara-Negara Anggota Asosiasi Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara Dan Pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, Perpres No. 23 Tahun 2016. (Presidential Regulation No. 23 of 2016 on the Ratification of the Agreement of Maritime Transport between Governments of the Member Countries of ASEAN and the Administration of the Peoples Republic of China).

Others

Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia, Konsepsi Rencana Pembangunan Kemaritiman 2020-2024 [Maritime Development Strategic Plan 2020-2024], Jakarta 4 Februari 2019, available at https://wri-indonesia.org/sites/default/files/TRA%20BahanRenaksiKKI%20WRI07Mei2019.pdf.

Ministry of Transportation of The Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Marine Transportation Regulation No. KP. 936/DJPL /2020 on Strategic Plans Directorate General of Marine Transportation 2020-2024. Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Nomor KP. 936/DJPL /2020 Tentang Rencana Strategis Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Tahun 2020-2024.

Ministry of Transportation, Directorate General of Sea Transportation, Directorate of Harbor. “Kebijakan dan Strategi Pengembangan Transportasi Laut di Indonesia [Policy and Strategies on Sea Transport Development in Indonesia],” accessed on 10 August 2021, https://supplychainindonesia.com/wpcontent/files/Kebijakan_dan_Strategi_Pengembangan_Transportasi_Laut_di_Indonesia.pdf.

Speech of the Indonesian President, Joko Widodo, in the 25th ASEAN meeting in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, on 12 November 2014: Indonesia as the GMF, available at https://indonesia.go.id/narasi/indonesia-dalam-angka/ekonomi/indonesia-poros-maritim-dunia>, uploaded on 25 February 2019, accessed on 29 July 2021.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Review on Maritime Transport 2020, United Nations, 2020, accessed 21 February 2021, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2020_en.pdf.

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