•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Absence of umbrella regulation on asset recovery is not the only challenge for effective enforcement of asset recovery and mutual legal assistance in Indonesia. Contradictory legislations, poor interagency coordination, weak capacity of law enforcement personnel and absence of center of excellence on asset recovery and mutual legal assistance are other contributing elements. Similarly, Indonesia’s commitment to fulfill the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially goal 16.4, has not been met with concrete efforts. The government is hesitant to commit itself on national indicator for SDG 16.4. on asset recovery. This was shown during the two years of Kemitraan’s program to strengthen asset recovery and mutual legal assistance (SIGAP).This paper seeks to provide descriptive analysis on the results of SIGAP by posing a question on how does a development program on asset recovery in Indonesia supported by international donor contribute to overcome Indonesia’s legal and institutional challenges on asset recovery amidst Indonesia’s global commitment to SDGs. As evidenced, SIGAP exemplifies collaborative actions between various actors, state and none-state actors and national and international agencies, to increase the effectiveness of asset recovery and mutual legal assistance and policy reform needed for long term sustainability strategy in Indonesia. On SDGs, SIGAP’s decision to propose the adoption of existing national indicator on Long Term National Plan on Anti-Corruption is a deliberate and calculated decision to push for stronger commitment of Indonesian government in achieving the SDGs. The strategy indicated that by 2025, 96% of asset from corruption crimes is recovered.

References

Legal documents Indonesia. Peraturan Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor PER-002/A/JA/05/2017 Pelelangan Dan Penjualan Langsung Benda Sitaan Atau Barang Rampasan Negara Atau Benda Sita Eksekusi [Number PER-002/A/JA/05/2017 on Direct Auction and Sale of Confiscated Assets or Seized State’s Assets or Seized Asset Execution] Indonesia. Peraturan Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor Per-006/A/JA/03/2014 tentang Pusat Pemulihan Aset [AGO Regulation No. Per-006/A/JA/03/2014 on Asset Recovery Centre] Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri PPN/ Kepala BAPPENAS Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 tentang Koordinasi, Perencanaan, Pemantauan, Evaluasi, dan Pelaporan Pelaksanaan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan [Minister of National Planning and Development Regulation Number 7 of 2018 on Coordination, Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting of the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals] Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2012 tentang Strategi Nasional Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Korupsi (Stranas PPK) Jangka Panjang Tahun 2012-2025 dan Jangka Menengah Tahun 2012-2014. [Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 44 of 2012 on Long Trem 2012 – 2025 and Medium Term 2012 – 2014 National Strategy on Prevention and Eradication of Corruption]. Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 59 tahun 2017 tentang Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (TPB) [Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 59 of 2017 on the Implementation Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals] Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2011 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Korupsi [Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2011 on the Prevention and Eradication of Corruption] Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2006 tentang Bantuan Hukum Timbal Balik dalam Perkara Pidana [Law Number 1 of 2006 on Mutual Legal Assistance on Criminal Matters] Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tidana Korupsi [Law Number 20 of 2001on Revision on Law Number 31 of 1999 on Corruption Eradication] Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Anti Korupsi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Tahun 2003 [Law Number 7 of 2006 on the Ratification of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2003]. Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana [Law Number 8 of 1981 on Criminal Procedure Code] Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang [Law Number 8 of 2010 on Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering] UN General Assembly, United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 31 October 2003, A/58/422. Books and book chapters Aldridge, Peter. Money Laundering Law: Forfeiture, Confiscation, Civil Recovery, Criminal Laundering and Taxation of the Proceeds of Crime. Oxford, Portland Oregon, Hart Publishing, 2003. Baker, Raymond W., Capitalism’s Achilles heel: dirty money and how to renew the free-market system. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2005. Baker, Stephen and Ed Shorrock. “Gatekeepers, corporate structures and their role in money laundering” in Assets: A Practitioner’s Handbook, edited by Phyllis Atkinson. Basel: Basel Institute on governance, 2009. Hoelman, Mickael B. et. al Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Panduan untuk Pemerintah Daerah (Kota dan Kabupaten) dan Pemangku Kepentingan Daerah [SDGs: Guidelines for Local Government (Municipality and Regency) and the Local Stakeholders]. Revised edition. Jakarta: INFID, 2016. Ivory, Radha. Corruption, asset recovery, and the protection of property in public international law: the human rights of bad guys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas and UN in Indonesia. Kita Suarakan MDGs Demi Pencapaiannya di Indonesia [Let’s voice the MDGs for the sake of achieving Indonesia’s targets]. Jakarta: Bappenas, 2008. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. Metadata Indikator Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (TPB)/Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Pilar Pembangunan Hukum & Tata Kelola. [Metadata for Sustainable Development Goal: Legal Development and Governance Pillar]. Jakarta: Bappenas, 2017. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. Terjemahan Tujuan dan Target Global Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (TPB)/Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Jakarta: Bappenas, 2017. Nazir, M. Metode Penelitian [Researrch Methodology]. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 1988. OECD. Development Cooperation Report. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2018. Prakarsa. Calculating illicit financial flows to and from Indonesia, a trade data analysis, 2001 – 2014. Jakarta: Prakarsa: 2016. Stephenson, Kevin M. et. al., Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis of the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action, Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR), The World Bank – UNODC: 2011. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Administrasi [Administrative Research Methodology]. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2005. Suparni, Niniek, et.al. Optimalisasi Peran Pusat Pemulihan Aset (PPA) Kejaksaan Agung Dalam Mendorong Satker Wilayah untuk Menyelesaikan Benda Sitaan dan Barang Rampasan [Maximizing the Role of Asset Recovery Centre in the Attorney’s General Office in Supporting the Regional Working Unit to Finalize Confiscated and Seized Goods]. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kejaksaan Agung Republik Indonesia, 2017. Utama, Paku. Memahami Asset Recovery & Gatekeeper [Understanding Asset Recovery and Gatekeeper]. Jakarta: Indonesia Legal Roundtable: 2013. Whitney, F. The Element of Research. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1960. Journals and periodicals Datuan, Malto S., Bismar Nasution, Mahmud Mulyadi and Mahmul Siregar, “Asset Recovery dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Melalui Instrumen Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang [Asset Recovery from Corruption Using the Legal Instrument on Anti-Money Laundering].” USU Law Journal 5, no. 2 (2017): 95-102. Ertimi, Basim Elmukhtar. “The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in OIC Countries.” International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 9 (2016): 91 – 103. doi:10.5539/ijef.v8n9p91 Prakarsa, Aliyth and Rena Yulia. “Model Pengembalian Aset (Asset Recovery) Sebagai Alternatif Memulihkan Kerugian Negara Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi [Asset Recovery Model as Alternative to Recover State’s Loss in Corruption Case].” Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS 6 No. 1 (2017): 31-45. Satriana, Eri, Dewi Kania Sugiharti and Muhammad Ilham Satriana, “Asset Recovery of Detrimental to the Finances of the State from Proceeds of Corruption in the Development of National Criminal Law System.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 19, no. 2 (2019): 350-369. doi:10.20884/1.jdh.2019.19.2.2474 Sunaryadi, Amien and Dayu Nirma Amurwanti, “Recovering Indonesia’s Assets: Past, Present and Future.” Jurnal Opinio Juris 11, no. 1 (2012): 44-49. Web sources ABS. “Supreme Court Junks Ill-gotten Wealth Case vs Marcos Cronies.” Accessed on 30 August 2019, https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/19/18/supreme-court-junks-ill-gotten-wealth-case-vs-marcos-cronies . Cambridge Dictionary. “Safe Haven.” Accessed 27 June 2020, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/safe-haven Council of Europe. “Politically exposed persons.” Accessed 26 June 2020, https://www.coe.int/en/web/moneyval/implementation/politically-exposed-persons Global Financial Integrity. “Illicit Financial Flows. Accessed 27 June 2020, https://gfintegrity.org/issue/illicit-financial-flows/. https://gfintegrity.org/issue/illicit-financial-flows/. Accessed on 30 August 2019 Indonesia-Investments. “Corruption in Indonesia.” Accessed 26 June 2020, https://www.indonesia-investments.com/business/risks/corruption/item235 Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission. “Tata Laksana Benda Sitaan & Barang Rampasan Dalam Rangka Pemulihan Aset Hasil Tipikor [Management of Confiscated Objects and Confiscated Goods in the Context of Recovery of Corruption Proceeds].” Accessed 27 June 2020, https://acch.kpk.go.id/id/artikel/paper/tata-laksana-benda-sitaan-barang-rampasan-dalam-rangka-pemulihan-aset-hasil-tipikor. Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. “Jadikan Indonesia Mandiri, Berkepribadian, dan Berdaulat.” Accessed 28 June 2020, https://kominfo.go.id/index.php/content/detail/5629/NAWACITA%3A+9+Program+Perubahan+Untuk+Indonesia/0/infografis Kompas.com. “Daftar 45 Pelarian Indonesia ke Luar Negeri [List of 45 Indonesian Criminals in Foreign Countries].” Accessed 29 June 2020, https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2011/07/04/09464965/Daftar.45.Pelarian.Indonesia.ke.Luar.Negeri?page=all Sekretariat SDGs. “Dokumen SDGs” [SDGs Documents].” Accessed 28 June 2020, http://sdgsindonesia.or.id/ Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Platform. “High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development”, accessed 28 June 2020, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. “Voluntary National Reviews Database.” Accessed 29 June 2020, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/vnrs/ Swissinfo. “Is the Abacha accord a model For Returning’ Dictator funds’?” Accessed on 30 August 2019, https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/switzerland-and-nigeria_is-the-abacha-accord-a-model-for-returning--dictator-funds--/43938016 Tax Justice Network Briefing. “Tax avoidance and evasion – The scale of the problem.” Accessed 27 June 2020, http://www.taxjustice.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Tax-dodging-the-scale-of-the-problem-TJN-Briefing.pdf. The World Bank. “Combating Corruption.” Accessed 26 June 2020, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/governance/brief/anti-corruption Transparency International UK. “Panama Papers expose UK role in global corruption.” Accessed 27 June 2020, http://www.transparency.org.uk/panama-papers-expose-uk-role-in-global-corruption/ United Nations. “17 Goals to Transform Our World.” Accessed 26 June 2020, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ United Nations. “Millennium Development Goals.” Accessed 26 June 2020, https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ United Nations. “Sustainable Development Goals.” Accessed 26 June 2020, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs United Nations. “United against corruption for development, peace and security.” Accessed 28 June 2020, https://www.un.org/en/observances/anti-corruption-day United Nations. “The Sustainable Development Agenda.” https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/ United Nations. “United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015.” Accessd 27 June 2020, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/summit. UNODC. “United Nations Convention Against Corruption.” Accessed 27 June 2020, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/ Others Alex Cobham. “Target 2030: illicit financial flows.” ARI 81/2018, 26 June 2018, Elcano Royal Institute. Asian Development Bank/Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Basel Institute for Governance. “Asset Recovery and Mutual Legal Assistance in Asia and The Pacific,” Asian Development Bank/Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Basel Institute for Governance: September 2007. Center for Research and Training for Economic and Business. “Estimation of unreturned stolen assets from corruption between 2001 - 2012.” Gajah Mada University: Yogyakarta: 2013. Kar, Dev and Joseph Spanjers. “Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: 2003-2012.” Global Financial Integrity, December 2014. Kemitraan, “Assessment on Asset Recovery in Indonesia 2017,” (unpublished). Kemitraan, “SIGAP Final Report,” Jakarta, 2019, (unpublished). National Law Development Agency, Ministry of Law and Human Right. “Central Authority and its Mechanism of Coordination in the Implementation of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters”, National Law Development Agency, Ministry of Law and Human Right: 2012. OECD/ADB. “Asset Recovery and Mutual Legal Assistance in Asia and the Pacific.” ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific, ADB, Manila, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264086005-en. The Audit Board of Indonesia. Laporan Tahunan 2012 [2012 Annual Report]. Jakarta: Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan: 2013. UNODC. “Updated report of Attorney General Office of Special Task Force to Settle Asset Forfeiture and Executed-Confiscated goods per October 2011.” Progress Report of Asset Recovery, UNODC: 2012.

Download

Share

COinS