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Abstract

The Book of Candrarini is an ethic didactical book for women in polygamist system, for the eternity of her marriage. It was a disgrace that a woman divorced. This book was the masterpiece of it’s era, written in 1860 in the glory of feodalism in Surakarta, where the authority, high officials and the very peoples did polygamy. That is why His Majesty Paku Buwana IX had Ranggawarsita to write an ethic didactic for women, with the five wives of Arjuna as the model: three princesses and two daughters of priest with very nice performance and gentle behaviour. They lived in harmony, devoted to their husband. The ethic didactic was a catharsis for women in concubine. This research observes Candrarini from its own internal aspects as literary, religious, historical, political, sociological and psychological aspect. The result is : Beauty of a woman does not lie so much in her external appearance as in her internal virtues like modesty, chastity, compassion, service and refined manners. That is the way to save and preserve the eternity of marriage’s life. The ethic is always up to date, everlasting, eternal.

Bahasa Abstract

Kitab Candrarini adalah sebuah karya sastra wulang, sastra etik didaktik bagi wanita dalam lingkungan hidup berpoligami, agar perkawinannya langgeng, karena aib bagi wanita bila ia bercerai. Karya sastra anak zamannya ini ditulis tahun 1860, dalam masa kemegahan feodalisme di Surakarta, di mana penguasa dari yang paling atas sampai rakyat jelata menjalankan hidup berpoligami. Keadaan yang sedemikian inilah yang menyebabkan Sri Susuhunan Paku Buwana IX memerintahkan R.Ng.Ranggawarsita menulis ajaran untuk wanita, mengambil teladan lima isteri Arjuna, tiga orang dari kasta ksatria, dua orang putri pendeta, wanita cantik luar dalam. Mereka hidup rukun mengabdi suami. Ajaran ini merupakan katarsis bagi wanita yang dimadu. Penelitian ini mengemukakan tinjauan dari aspek sastra, religi, sejarah, politik, sosial dan psikologis, yang masing-masing memberi makna dan warna tersendiri. Kesimpulannya, kecantikan seorang wanita bukanlah pariwara lahiriah saja, melainkan juga semua yang terpancar dari dalam: rendah hati, sopan santun, welas asih, pengabdian dan perilaku yang halus. Itulah jalan untuk menyelamatkan dan memelihara kelanggengan kehidupan perkawinan. Ajaran ini tak lekang oleh panas, tak lapuk oleh hujan, abadi adanya.

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