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Abstract

The number of correctly produced words is the primary output variable n most verbal fluency tests. The examination of the number of clusters and cluster size achieves a more in-depth analyses of cognitive aspects and processes. We propose a scoring system for phonemic, semantic, and emotion word fluency tests in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to determine the underlying cognitive constructs of the participants, including the clustering and switching indices, using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 150 participants were included, and the tests were administered online following a previously validated protocol. The three fluency tests loaded different factors, and the loading clustering patterns varied among the tests. Regression analyses confirmed that both cluster size and the number of switches predicted the number of correct words, although this relationship differed between semantic and phonemic tests. The number of switches and cluster size interrater reliability for all three tests exceeded 0.90. The cluster size and the number of switches were suitable additional variables for scoring Indonesian phonemic, emotion, and animal names as semantic word fluency tasks. This approach allows for a more in-depth analysis of cognitive styles in clients undergoing neuropsychological assessment.

Bahasa Abstract

Sebagian besar tes kelancaran verbal menggunakan ‘jumlah kata yang benar’ sebagai variabel keluaran utama. Pengujian jumlah kluster dan ukuran kluster menghasilkan analisis yang lebih mendalam tentang aspek dan proses kognitif. Peneliti mengusulkan sistem penilaian untuk tes kelancaran kata fonemik, semantik, dan emosi dalam konteks bahasa Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konstruksi kognitif yang mendasari partisipan, termasuk indeks pengelompokan dan peralihan, menggunakan analisis komponen utama. Sebanyak 150 partisipan dilibatkan, dan tes diberikan secara daring mengikuti protokol yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Ketiga tes kelancaran tersebut memuat faktor yang berbeda, dan pola pengelompokan pemuatan bervariasi di antara tes-tes tersebut. Analisis regresi mengonfirmasi bahwa baik ukuran kluster maupun jumlah peralihan memprediksi jumlah kata yang benar, meskipun hubungan ini berbeda antara tes semantik dan fonemik. Reliabilitas antar penilai untuk jumlah peralihan dan ukuran kluster pada ketiga tes tersebut melebihi 0,90. Ukuran kluster dan jumlah peralihan merupakan variabel tambahan yang sesuai untuk penilaian nama fonemik, emosi, dan hewan dalam bahasa Indonesia sebagai tugas kelancaran kata semantik. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan analisis yang lebih mendalam tentang gaya kognitif pada klien yang mendapatkan asesmen neuropsikologis.

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