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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the formation of group-based hatred in the context of latent conflict, as previous studies have predominantly explored the consequences of hatred in intractable conflicts. Group identification was hypothesized to lead to hatred of another group through perceived threat as a mediator, with the types of threat formulated from historical conflict narratives. The research context was the latent Muslim-PKI conflict in Indonesia. Realistic feelings of threat are formulated based on the narrative that the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) is perceived to be resurging and trying to change the foundation of the state into communism. Symbolic threat comes from the narrative that PKI resurgence aims to spread communist ideology. This study surveyed 508 Muslim Indonesian citizens aged at least 18 years. The results indicated that perceived realistic and symbolic threats fully mediated the influence of group identification as Muslims on hatred towards PKI. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results demonstrated that hatred can also occur in the context of latent conflict, with perceived threat mediating the relationship between group identification and group-based hatred, and the types of threat were rooted in the historical conflict.

Bahasa Abstract

Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui pembentukan kebencian berbasis kelompok dalam konteks konflik laten, karena studi sebelumnya lebih fokus pada konsekuensi kebencian dalam konflik intractable. Identifikasi kelompok diduga menjadi kebencian terhadap kelompok lain melalui perceived threat sebagai mediator, dengan jenis threat dirumuskan dari riwayat konflik di masa lalu. Konteks penelitian ini adalah konflik latent Muslim-PKI di Indonesia. Perasaan terancam secara realistik dirumuskan berdasarkan narasi PKI akan bangkit kembali dan mengubah dasar negara menjadi komunis, dan ancaman simbolik dari narasi PKI bangkit untuk menyebarkan ideologi komunis. Survey dilakukan pada 508 Muslim, Warga Negara Indonesia, berusia minimal 18 tahun. Hasil studi menunjukkan perceived threat, baik realistik maupun simbolik merupakan mediator penuh pengaruh identifikasi kelompok sebagai Muslim terhadap kebencian pada PKI. Sesuai dengan hipotesa, kebencian dapat terjadi pada konteks konflik latent dengan persepsi keterancaman sebagai mediator hubungan identifikasi kelompok dengan kebencian berbasis kelompok, dan jenis threat bersumber pada narasi kebencian dari riwayat konflik

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