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Abstract

This study aims to understand the role of Facebook access and partisan bias on the belief in misinformation in the political context of the 2019 Presidential Election. Frequent use of Facebook and partisan bias for presidential candidates were predicted to influence belief in misinformation about illegal migrant workers from China in Indonesia. Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 1,818 participants who were representative of the Indonesian voter population were interviewed using a structured questionnaire asking about their frequency of Facebook use, political support, awareness, and belief in misinformation about thousands of illegal migrant workers from China, as well as other demographic variables as part of national survey questions. Of these, there were 804 participants who were aware of misinformation about illegal migrant workers from China to be analyzed. The results of binomial logistic regression analysis showed that partisan bias significantly affected belief in misinformation —Subianto's (vs Widodo's) supporters significantly have (vs. have not) a belief in the misinformation, whereas the frequency of Facebook usage and the effect of their interactions were not significant. This finding shows the strength of the influence of political support on belief in misinformation and the need to further study the influence of social media in Indonesia's political context.

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bias partisan dan penggunaan Facebook terhadap kepercayaan pada misinformasi dalam konteks politik Pemilu Presiden 2019. Tingginya penggunaan Facebook dan bias partisan pada calon presiden diprediksi akan mempengaruhi kepercayaan terhadap misinformasi mengenai tenaga kerja illegal dari Cina di Indonesia. Sebanyak 1.818 partisipan yang representatif terhadap populasi pemilih Indonesia diwawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur tentang frekuensi menggunakan Facebook untuk mengakses berita politik, dukungan politik, pengetahuan dan kepercayaan pada misinformasi mengenai ribuan tenaga kerja illegal dari Cina, termasuk pertanyaan tentang demografi sebagai bagian dari survei nasional. Dari data ini, sebanyak 804 partisipan yang tahu tentang misinformasi tersebut kemudian dianalisis. Hasil analisis dengan binomial logistic regression menunjukkan bahwa bias partisan secara signifikan mempengaruhi kepercayaan pada misinformasi – pendukung Subianto (vs. Widodo) secara signifikan percaya (vs. tidak percaya) terhadap misinformasi tersebut, sementara frekuensi menggunakan Facebook dan interaksinya tidak signifikan mempengaruhi kepercayaan terhadap misinformasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan kekuatan pengaruh dukungan politik terhadap kepercayaan pada misinformasi dan perlunya meneliti lebih lanjut tentang pengaruh media sosial dalam konteks politik Indonesia.

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