Abstract
Relationship between corporation and local community in mining and oil industry in Indonesia has changed significantly since political reform (1998) and the enactment of regional autonomy (1999 and 2004). Social conflicts arouse as main symptom of such changes, that almost all corporations had common problems in their relationship with local communities. Based on previous studies, the anatomy of conflicts can be elaborated into three dimensions: causes, dynamics and resolution of conflict. Cause of conflict includes variables of political reform, inequality, exploitation, domination, empowerment, demographic and economic pressure; dimension of dynamics includes variables of fluctuation, escalation and type of conflict, role of actor and institution, and local cultural characteristics; and dimension of resolution consist of variables of old and new social contracts. With this framework this study analyses empirically the conflict between corporation and local community in Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, West Java. The results indicate that there is a pattern of significance of causes, dynamics and resolution of conflicts, which is in general reveals a relation among dimensions of conflict.
Bahasa Abstract
Relasi antara korporasi dengan komunitas lokal pada industri tambang, minyak, dan gas mengalami banyak perubahan sejak reformasi politik (1998) dan digulirkannya Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah (1999 dan 2004). Gejala utama yang mengemuka dalam perubahan ini adalah maraknya peristiwa konflik, diperkirakan hampir seluruh korporasi besar tambang dan migas menghadapi masalah dengan komunitas lokalnya. Berdasarkan sejumlah penelitian lapangan sebelumnya, anatomi konflik secara analitik dapat dipetakan dalam tiga dimensi, yakni dimensi sebab, dinamika, dan resolusi konflik. Dimensi sebab mencakup variabel perubahan politik, ketimpangan, eksploitasi, dominasi, pemberdayaan dan tekanan demografi, serta ekonomi; dimensi dinamika meliputi fluktuasi, eskalasi dan bentuk konflik, itensitas, peran aktor dan lembaga, serta karakter budaya komunitas; dan dimensi resolusi mencakup kontrak sosial lama dan kontrak sosial baru. Dengan model ini secara empirik dikaji kasus konflik antara korporasi dengan komunitas lokal di Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Hasil studi menunjukkan adanya pola berkenaan dengan signifikan-tidaknya sebab konflik, tinggi-rendahnya dinamika konflik, signifikan-tidaknya resolusi konflik, dan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan tiga dimensi konflik ini saling berhubungan dalam proses konflik.
References
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Recommended Citation
Prayogo, D. (2010). Anatomy of Conflict between Corporation and Local Community in a Geothermal Industry in West Java. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 14(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v14i1.568