Abstract
Despite the highly praised for technology achievements and prosperities, the morphology and appearance of Cities in Japan are often criticized as dull, uninteresting, brutal, and chaos. The question is, how do cities in Japan gain stability while the reality of the urban condition is in a chaos? Is there something behind the chaos that makes urban dwellers of Japanese cities able to relatively live comfortably and safely? This paper analyses some aspects which shaped Japan urbanism, from disorderly addressing system to the speed of building transformations that considerably high. Findings on the hidden orders behind the chaos of Japanese cities reveal an understanding that the spatial and physical chaos of a dense city are not always identified as a social chaos.
Bahasa Abstract
Berlawanan dengan segala pujian terhadap kemajuan teknologi dan kemakmuran yang dimiliki, tampilan wajah dan morfologi kota Jepang sering mengundang kritik seperti membosankan, tidak menarik, brutal, dan kacau. Pertanyaannya adalah dalam kekacauan tampilan realitas urban yang ada, bagaimana kota Jepang dapat mencapai stabilitas seperti saat ini? Adakah keteraturan di balik kekacauan yang ditampilkan, sehingga warga kota di Jepang dapat hidup relatif nyaman dan aman? Kajian ini menganalisis aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi realitas urban Jepang, mulai dari sistem alamat yang membingungkan hingga proses transformasi bangunan gedung yang berlangsung cepat. Temuan tentang tatanan tersembunyi yang berlaku di Jepang dalam pengaturan tata ruang hidup berkota membuka pemahaman bahwa kekacauan fisik dan spasial yang ditunjukkan oleh sebuah kota yang dipenuhi kesesakan tidak selalu identik dengan kekacauan sosial.
References
Asanoma, K. (1998). A quick look at housing in Japan. Tokyo: The Building Center of Japan. Ashihara, Y. (1994). The hidden order: Tokyo through the 20th Century. Japanese Architecture III, Architectural Design Profile No. 107. Bognar, B. (1991). Contemporary Japanese Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Bureau of City Planning Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2002). Planning of Tokyo 2002. Tokyo: Kamiya Printing Co., Ltd. Deleuze, G. & Guattari, F. (1980). A thousand plateaus. New York: Trans. Demographia. (2009). World Urban Areas & Population Projections. Diambil 4 Mei 2009, dari http//demographia.com/db_worldua_pdf. Glieck, J. (1987). Chaos: Making a new science. London: Cardinal. Hanayama, Y. (1986). Land markets and land policy in a metropolitan area: A case study of Tokyo. Boston: Olegeschlager. Hisa, T. (1994). Tapping the riches of night soil. The Electric Geisha. Tokyo: Kondansha International, 97- 105. Kurokawa, K. (1991). Intercultural architecture: the philosophy of symbiosis. Washington, DC: The American Institute of Architects Press. Logan, W.S. (2002). The disappearing Asian city. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press Ltd. Lynch, K. (1990). The image of the city. London: MassachusettsInstitute of Technology Cambridge. Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history, its origin, its transformations and its prospects. New York: Harvest. Narumi, K. (1986). Metropolitan neighborhoods in Japan and in the west: Nested system versus axial systems. Senri Ethnological Studies, 19, 59-75. Narumi, K. (1989). Space and community: comparative studies series. Osaka: Osaka University. Narumi, K. (1989). Vitality of city through functional mix. The Wheel Extended, 3(4), 36-40. Narumi, K. (1998). Toshi desain no Syuhou. Kyoto: Gakugei. Nitschke, G. (1994). The Manga City. The Electric Geisha. Tokyo: Kondansha International, 231-242. Pacific Friend. (1997) Solving the problems of motorized society, Window on Japan, July 1997, Vol. 25. Prigogine, I. (1977). Self-organization in nonequilibrium systems. New York: Wiley. Royal Academy of Arts. (1993). Learning from Tokyo. The International Forum on Learning from Tokyo, 12th June 1993. London: the Royal Academy of Arts. Shapira, P. (1994). Planning for cities and regions in Japan, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 33-57. Shinohara, K. (1983). After modernism: a dialog between Kenzo Tange and Kazuo Shinohara. The Japan Architect. November-December 1983. Sievert, T. (2003). Cities without cities. London: Spon Press. Tabata, O. (1994). Japan’s escalating land prices. The Electric Geisha. Tokyo: Kondansha International, 164- 172. Trancik, R. (1986). Finding lost space. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold, 60-86. Ueda, A. (1994). The electric Geisha. Tokyo: Kondansha International. United Nations. (2007). Urban agglomeration. Diambil 4 Mei 2009 dari http//www.un.org/population/ publications/wup2007/2007_urban_agglomerations_cha rt_pdf. Yagi, K. (1992). A Japanese touch for your home. Tokyo: Kondansha International. Yoshino, S. (1994). The Japanese home: A grab bag of tradition, trends, and high-tech. The Electric Geisha. Tokyo: Kondansha International.
Recommended Citation
Ellisa, E. (2009). Realitas dan Tatanan Urban Kota-Kota di Jepang. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 13(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v13i2.251