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Abstract

This essay examines the role of political parties in different forms of government. In the three Southeast Asian countries, the different governments have distinctive methods of utilizing the parties according to their needs. The more democratic the country usually the less control the government has on the parties. The more reliant the government on its party, the more systematic its control over it. Consequently, the stronger control of government the less likely the parties would be able to reach democracy.

References

Case, W.. (1997). Malaysia: still semi-democratic paradigm. Asian Studies Review. Vol. 21, Nos. 2-3. Case, W.. (2001). Malaysia’s general elections in 1999: A consolidated and high-quality semi-democracy. Asian Studies Review. Vol. 25. Number 1. Case, W. (1999). ‘Politics beyond Anwar: What’s new?’ Asian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 7, Number 1. Chan, H. C.. (1976). The dynamics of one party dominance: The PAP at the grass-roots. Singapore: Singapore University Press. Funston, J. (ed.). (2001). Government and politics in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Hefner, R. W. (2001). The politics of multiculturalism: Pluralism and citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaií Press. Lande, C.H. (1964). Leaders, factions, and parties: The structure of Philippine politics. Detroit: Yale University Southeast Asian Studies. Mauzy, D K. and Milne, R.S. (2002). Singapore politics under the People’s action party. London: Routledge. Pang, C.L.. (1971). Singapore’s people’s action party: Its history, organization and leadership. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

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