Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the Autistic Spectrum (AS) by using phenomenology method. Case study was used to achieve a holistic understanding of the AS and grounded theory was used to develop a theoretical model in the explanation of AS. The data were collected from various sources: AS individuals who can communicate verbally, autobiographies, films, and experience of the researcher. Data collection method used were interviews, observations, and text analysis. Research results were delivered based on human development levels: sensory, cognitive, emotional and social interaction, and religious level. In general, sensory integration dysfunction are the main cause of AS behavioral problems. Many of autistic symptoms are usually their effort to adapt with the outside world. On a cognitive level, most AS individuals experience difficulties in verbal communication, but they usually have potential in a specific area such as drawing, music, poetry, and math. The sensory impediments also influence their emotional state and interactions. They tend to experience intense emotional state and find social interactions difficult to comprehend because of its complexity. AS individuals also find religion is difficult to understand, especially the emotional bond with God.
Bahasa Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami Spektrum Autistik (SA) dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang holistik digunakan studi kasus. Selanjutnya, grounded theory digunakan untuk mengembangkan suatu model teoretis untuk menjelaskan SA. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, yaitu individu SA yang mampu berkomunikasi secara verbal, otobiografi, film, dan pengalaman pribadi peneliti. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan analisis teks. Hasil penelitian disajikan berdasarkan empat taraf pada manusia yaitu taraf sensorik, kognitif, emosi dan interaksi interpersonal, dan agama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum gangguan integrasi sensorik merupakan penyebab utama masalah tingkah laku pada individu SA. Sebagian besar simtom autistik adalah usaha mereka untuk beradaptasi dengan dunia luar. Pada taraf kognitif, hampir seluruh individu SA mengalami kesulitan pada komunikasi verbal. Namun demikian biasanya mereka memiliki keunggulan pada bidang tertentu seperti menggambar, musik, puisi dan matematika. Masalah sensorik juga mempengaruhi kondisi emosional dan interaksi. Mereka cenderung mengalami emosi yang intens dan kesulitan dalam memahami interaksi sosial yang dinilai kompleks. Inidividu SA juga kesulitan dalam memahami agama, terutama ikatan emosional dengan Tuhan.
References
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Recommended Citation
Ginanjar, A. S. (2007). Memahami Spektrum Autistik Secara Holistik. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 11(2), 86-99. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v11i2.121