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Abstract

Premature birth is leading causes of neonatal mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global premature birth rates reached 9.9% in 2020, it’s rising compared to preterm birth rates in 2010. One of the risk factors for preterm birth is the mother's age, which pregnant adolescents are more at risk of giving birth to preterm babies due to physiological, psychological, and socioeconomic immaturity. This study is an analytical study with a retrospective cohort design to determine the relationship between adolescents pregnancy and preterm birth. This study was conducted in Cengkareng General Hospital West Jakarta using patient’s medical record data. The population in this study were all pregnant women who were admitted to the hospital with signs of labor in the period of 1st January 2022 until 31st December 2022. Sampling was carried out using simple random sampling technique with a total of 141 respondents in each group of respondents who experienced adolescent pregnancies (10-19 years) as the exposed groups and the group of respondents who experienced pregnancies in healthy reproductive age (20-34 years) as the non-exposed groups. Data were analyzed using cox regression test. The analysis revealed that adolescent pregnancy increased the risk of premature birth by 3.57 times (RR adj= 3,57; 95%CI: 2,06-6,20; p= 0,000) after controlling for maternal education, occupation, marital status, gestational hypertension, and anemia.

Keywords: Premature birth, preterm birth, adolescents pregnancy

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Kelahiran prematur merupakan salah satu penyebab utama dari terjadinya kematian pada periode neonatal. Data World Health Organization (WHO) menunjukkan bahwa kasus kelahiran prematur secara global mencapai 9,9% pada tahun 2020, yang menunjukkan peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan angka kelahiran prematur pada 2010. Salah satu faktor risiko dari kelahiran prematur adalah faktor usia ibu, di mana ibu hamil usia remaja lebih berisiko untuk melahirkan bayi prematur akibat kondisi ketidakmatangan baik secara fisiologis, psikologis maupun sosial ekonomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain kohort retrospektif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan usia remaja dengan kelahiran prematur. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Cengkareng Jakarta Barat menggunakan data rekam medis pasien dengan seluruh ibu hamil yang masuk rumah sakit dan mengalami tanda persalinan pada periode 1 Januari 2022 – 31 Desember 2022 sebagai populasi penelitian. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak masing-masing 141 responden pada kelompok ekspose yaitu ibu yang mengalami kehamilan usia remaja (usia 10-19 tahun) dan kelompok non- ekspose yaitu kelompok ibu yang mengalami kehamilan pada usia reproduksi sehat (usia 20-34 tahun). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi cox. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kehamilan usia remaja meningkatkan risiko kelahiran prematur sebesar 3,57 kali dibandingkan dengan kehamilan yang terjadi pada ibu usia reproduksi sehat (RR adj= 3,57; 95%CI: 2,06-6,20; p= 0,000) setelah dilakukan pengendalian terhadap variabel tingkat pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan ibu, status perkawinan, status hipertensi gestasional, dan status anemia.

Kata Kunci: Kelahiran kurang bulan, kelahiran prematur, kehamilan remaja.

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