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Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ketidakpatuhan dalam pengobatan kerap menjadi masalah secara global, karena jika tidak mengikuti rangkaian pengobatan secara benar dapat menyebabkan resistensi obat, kambuhnya kembali penyakit, bahkan sampai kematian. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepatuhan pengobatan pasien TB paru dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada studi observasional. Terdapat empat database (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE dan MEDLINE) yang digunakan untuk menulusuri artikel. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk pencarian diantaranya: (tuberculosis) OR (TB) AND (treatment adherence) OR (treatment compliance) OR (medication adherence) OR (medication compliance) AND (directly observed treatment shortcourse) OR (DOTS). Ditemukan sebanyak lima artikel yang relevan digunakan untuk tinjauan dalam artikel ini. Penelusuran artikel mengacu pada PRISMA diagram. Analisis dilakukan terhadap beberapa artikel dari Asia, Afrika dan Timur Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan pada pasien TB paru dimana terdapat tiga artikel yang menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dan dua artikel menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan pasien TB diantaranya adalah usia, status pekerjaan, efek samping obat, jarak, pengetahuan TB, peran keluarga dalam memberikan pengawasan serta dukungan dalam menjalani pengobatan, hubungan yang baik antara dokter dan pasien serta stigma. Diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dengan pembangunan dan pengembangan dalam pemberian layanan kesehatanagar pasien dapat mengakses pelayanan kesehatan secara maksimal, khususnya bagi pasien yang terhambat oleh jarak dan biaya. Selain itu, memberikan edukasi terkait TB, meningkatkan hubungan pasien dan dokter, dukungan keluarga baik secara fisik dan spiritual juga dibutuhkan untuk menjaga niat pasien dan memberikan kekuatan secara psikologis terhadap stigma yang mungkin diterima dari orang-orang sekitar.

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