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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan satu dari lima negara di dunia dengan insiden kasus TB yang tinggi, sementara itu kanker paru di Indonesia merupakan kasus keganasan utama yang paling sering terjadi. Untuk melihat gambaran risiko kejadian kanker paru diantara penderita TB paru, dilakukan studi tinjauan pustaka pada sepuluh jurnal yang dipublikasikan melalui Pubmed pada tahun 2009-2019. Kriteria inklusi dalam pemilihan jurnal yaitu TB paru sebagai faktor risiko dan kanker paru primer sebagai outcome, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi adalah jurnal yang merupakan tinjauan pustaka sistematis, skrining, diagnosis, dan evaluasi hasil pengobatan yang berkaitan dengan infeksi TB dan kanker paru. Analisis deskriptif menunjukan subjek sebagian besar merupakan laki-laki dan berusia antara 40-60 tahun. Pada kelompok TB paru didominasi perokok, peminum alkohol, memiliki penyakit paru lainnya dan komorbiditas. Penderita TB paru secara konsisten mempunyai risiko yang lebih besar untuk terjadinya kanker paru dibandingkan penderita non TB paru. Dari delapan penelitian kohor, menunjukkan hubungan secara statistik bermakna dengan nilai RR 1,37 – 6,1. Dari dua penelitian kasus kontrol, hanya satu yang menunjukkan hubungan secara statitstik bermakna dengan kisaran nilai OR 1,52 - 3,21 spesifik pada jenis kanker paru tertentu. Terdapat tiga studi menampilkan resiko yang lebih besar pada interval lima tahun pertama sejak terdiagnosanya TB paru hingga berkembang menjadi kanker paru. Studi tinjauan pustaka ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyakit infeksi TB paru berpotensi untuk dapat menimbulkan kanker paru, hal ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam upaya intervensi preventif kanker paru.

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