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Abstract

HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains a substantial public health burden, with Jakarta consistently reporting among the highest PWID-associated HIV prevalence in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with HIV infection among PWID in Jakarta, utilizing secondary data from the 2023 Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey (IBBS 2023). A cross-sectional study design was employed using secondary data from 261 PWID recruited in Jakarta. Bivariate associations were examined using Chi-square tests, and multivariate analysis was performed using modified Cox regression with a constant time parameter to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals. The observed HIV prevalence among PWID in Jakarta was 34.10%. Four factors were independently associated with HIV infection in the final multivariate model: absence of referral to HIV testing services (aPR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.5–7.4), self-perceived risk of HIV infection (aPR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4–5.2), inconsistent condom use (aPR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8–3.6), and an injecting drug use duration exceeding 13 years (aPR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.4). Given that this prevalence is approximately twice the national estimate, these findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive harm reduction interventions that integrate sexual risk reduction strategies and expand access to community-based HIV testing through peer navigator models.

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Bahasa Abstract

Infeksi HIV di kalangan pengguna narkoba suntik (Penasun) tetap menjadi beban kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan, dengan Jakarta secara konsisten mencatat prevalensi HIV pada penasun tertinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dengan kejadian HIV di kalangan penasun di Jakarta, dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder dari Survei Biologis dan Perilaku Terpadu (STBP) 2023. Desain studi potong lintang digunakan dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder dari 261 penasun yang direkrut di Jakarta. Asosiasi bivariat dievaluasi menggunakan uji Chi-square, sedangkan analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan regresi Cox yang dimodifikasi menggunakan parameter waktu konstan untuk memperkirakan rasio prevalensi yang disesuaikan (aPR) beserta interval kepercayaan 95%. Prevalensi HIV yang teramati di kalangan penasun di Jakarta sebesar 34,10%. Empat faktor secara independen terkait dengan infeksi HIV dalam model multivariat akhir: tidak adanya rujukan ke layanan tes HIV (aPR = 3,3; 95% CI: 1,5–7,4), persepsi risiko penularan HIV (aPR = 2,7; 95% CI: 1,4–5,2), penggunaan kondom yang tidak konsisten (aPR = 2,6; 95% CI: 1,8–3,6), dan durasi penggunaan narkoba suntik melebihi 13 tahun (aPR = 1,9; 95% CI: 1,1–3,4). Mengingat angka prevalensi ini kira-kira dua kali lipat dari perkiraan nasional, temuan ini menekankan kebutuhan mendesak akan intervensi harm reduction yang komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan strategi pengurangan risiko seksual dan memperluas akses ke tes HIV berbasis komunitas melalui model navigator sebaya.

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