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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, particularly among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), who are at an increased risk of developing TB disease. Screening activities conducted through health facility-based screening and active case finding (ACF) provide opportunities to identify TB cases with DM comorbidity. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of TB-DM cases identified through screening activities in Indonesia in 2024. This descriptive study used routine secondary program data obtained from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB). The source population consisted of 615,357 individuals screened for TB in 2024, among whom 14,727 TB cases were identified. Of these, 3,452 TB cases had a documented history of DM and were included in the analysis. Epidemiological characteristics were described using the person, place, and time approach. Among the 3,452 TB-DM cases identified, 2,880 were detected through health facility-based screening and 572 through ACF. Most cases were female, non-smokers, HIV-negative, not classified as malnourished, and not residing in slum areas. Cases were reported from 29 provinces. Follow-up status was documented for 2,863 cases, whereas 589 cases had no recorded follow-up information. This study provides a national overview of TB-DM cases identified through routine screening activities in Indonesia. The findings contribute to understanding the distribution and characteristics of detected TB-DM cases and may support future monitoring and evaluation of collaborative TB-DM activities.

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Bahasa Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama, terutama pada individu dengan diabetes melitus (DM) yang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami penyakit TB. Kegiatan skrining yang dilakukan melalui skrining berbasis fasilitas kesehatan dan penemuan kasus aktif (active case finding/ACF) memberikan peluang untuk mengidentifikasi kasus TB dengan komorbiditas DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik epidemiologi kasus TB-DM yang teridentifikasi melalui kegiatan skrining di Indonesia pada tahun 2024. Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan data sekunder rutin program yang diperoleh dari Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB). Populasi sumber terdiri atas 615.357 individu yang menjalani skrining TB pada tahun 2024, dengan 14.521 kasus TB yang teridentifikasi. Dari jumlah tersebut, sebanyak 3.452 kasus TB memiliki riwayat DM yang terdokumentasi dan diikutsertakan dalam analisis. Karakteristik epidemiologi dideskripsikan berdasarkan pendekatan orang, tempat, dan waktu. Dari 3.452 kasus TB-DM yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 2.880 kasus ditemukan melalui skrining berbasis fasilitas kesehatan dan 572 kasus melalui ACF. Sebagian besar kasus berjenis kelamin perempuan, bukan perokok, tercatat HIV negatif, tidak tergolong malnutrisi, dan tidak tinggal di wilayah kumuh. Kasus dilaporkan dari 29 provinsi. Status tindak lanjut terdokumentasi pada 2.866 kasus, sedangkan 589 kasus tidak memiliki informasi tindak lanjut yang tercatat. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran nasional mengenai kasus TB-DM yang teridentifikasi melalui kegiatan skrining rutin di Indonesia. Temuan penelitian ini dapat berkontribusi dalam memahami distribusi dan karakteristik kasus TB-DM yang terdeteksi serta mendukung pemantauan dan evaluasi kegiatan kolaboratif TB-DM di masa mendatang.

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