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Abstract

Adolescent overweight/obesity is an increasing public health concern and contributes to the risk of non-communicable diseases later in life. Physical activity plays an important role in weight regulation. However, its association with overweight/obesity may vary according to residential setting. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and overweight/obesity among adolescents living in rural and urban areas of Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The study included 115,372 adolescents aged 10–18 years. Physical activity was classified based on total Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-minutes per week (≥600 MET-minutes/week), while nutritional status was assessed using body mass index-for-age Z-scores. Complex samples logistic regression analyses were performed separately for rural and urban adolescents, adjusting for sex, unhealthy food consumption, and parental metabolic syndrome risk factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among urban than rural adolescents. Adolescents with insufficient physical activity had higher odds of overweight/obesity in both settings. After adjustment, insufficient physical activity remained significantly associated with overweight/obesity among rural adolescents (aOR:1.29;95%CI:1.04–1.61), whereas the association was not statistically significant among urban adolescents (aOR:1.13;95%CI:0.98–1.29). The association between physical activity and overweight/obesity differed according by residential setting. Insufficient physical activity was associated with overweight/obesity among rural but not urban adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of considering rural–urban differences when developing adolescent overweight/obesity prevention strategies in Indonesia.

Keywords: Adolescents, Physical Activity, Overweight/Obesity, Urban-Rural Differences

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Bahasa Abstract

Overweight/obesity pada remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang semakin meningkat dan berkontribusi terhadap risiko penyakit tidak menular di kemudian hari. Aktivitas fisik berperan dalam pengendalian berat badan, namun hubungannya dengan overweight/obesity mungkin berbeda menurut tempat tinggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan overweight/obesity pada remaja di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 115,372 remaja usia 10-18 tahun. Aktivitas fisik dikategorikan berdasarkan total Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET)-menit per minggu (≥600 MET-menit/minggu), sedangkan status gizi ditentukan menggunakan Z-score indeks massa tubuh menurut umur. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik complex samples secara terpisah pada remaja pedesaan dan perkotaan dengan penyesuaian terhadap jenis kelamin, konsumsi makanan beresiko, dan faktor risiko sindrom metabolik orang tua. Proporsi overweight/obesity lebih tinggi pada remaja perkotaan dibandingkan pedesaan. Remaja dengan aktivitas fisik kurang memiliki odds overweight/obesity yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan remaja dengan aktivitas fisik cukup pada kedua wilayah. Setelah penyesuaian, aktivitas fisik kurang tetap berhubungan secara signifikan dengan overweight/obesity pada remaja pedesaan (aOR:1.29;95%CI:1.04–1.61), sedangkan pada remaja perkotaan hubungan yang serupa tidak signifikan secara statistik (aOR:1.13;95%CI:0.98–1.29). Hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan overweight/obesity pada remaja berbeda menurut tempat tinggal. Aktivitas fisik kurang berhubungan dengan overweight/obesity pada remaja pedesaan, tetapi tidak pada remaja perkotaan setelah penyesuaian. Temuan ini menunjukkan karakteristik wilayah tempat tinggal perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penyusunan strategi pencegahan overweight/obesity pada remaja di Indonesia

Kata Kunci: Remaja, Aktivitas Fisik, Perkotaan-Pedesaan, Overweight/Obesity

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