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Abstract

Population ageing is associated with an increasing prevalence of limitations in activities of daily living. Joint disorders and osteoporosis are common health problems among older adults and may begin to emerge during middle age, potentially accelerating functional decline. However, studies examining the association between these conditions and limitations in activities of daily living in Indonesia remain limited. This study aimed to analyse the association between joint disorders and osteoporosis and limitations in activities of daily living among middle-aged and older adults in Indonesia. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Survey (ILAS) 2023. The sample consisted of 4,084 respondents aged ≥45 years from nine provinces in Indonesia. Limitations in activities of daily living were assessed using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) instruments, whereas the main independent variables, joint disorders and osteoporosis, were identified through doctor-confirmed self-reported diagnoses. Data were analysed using logistic regression models. The prevalence of ADL limitations was 9.4%, while IADL limitations were reported in 65.4% of respondents. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, joint disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.46-2.51) and osteoporosis (aOR = 4.11; 95% CI: 2.41-7.01) remained associated with ADL limitations. However, both conditions were no longer associated with IADL limitations. Lower educational attainment and unemployment status were associated with IADL limitations.Joint disorders and osteoporosis are associated with limitations in basic functioning (ADL), whereas limitations in instrumental functioning (IADL) are more influenced by sociodemographic factors. Disability prevention strategies should integrate clinical management and social interventions to maintain independence among older adults.

Keywords: Older Adults, Joint Disorders, Osteoporosis, Activities Of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities Of Daily Living

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Bahasa Abstract

Penuaan penduduk meningkatkan keterbatasan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Gangguan sendi dan osteoporosis merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum pada lansia dan dapat mulai muncul pada usia pra-lansia, sehingga berpotensi mempercepat penurunan fungsi tubuh. Namun, studi mengenai hubungan kedua kondisi tersebut dengan keterbatasan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan gangguan sendi dan osteoporosis dengan keterbatasan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari pada pra-lansia dan lansia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional menggunakan data Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Survey (ILAS) tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 4.084 responden berusia ≥45 tahun yang berasal dari sembilan provinsi di Indonesia. Keterbatasan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari diukur dengan Activities of Daily Living (ADL) maupun Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), sedangkan variabel independen utama yaitu gangguan sendi dan osteoporosis diukur berdasarkan diagnosis dokter yang dilaporkan sendiri oleh responden. Model analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik. Prevalensi keterbatasan ADL sebesar 9,4% dan keterbatasan IADL sebesar 65,4%. Setelah dikontrol terhadap faktor sosiodemografi, gangguan sendi (aOR = 1,91; 95% CI: 1,46-2,51) dan osteoporosis (aOR = 4,11; 95% CI: 2,41-7,01) tetap berhubungan dengan keterbatasan ADL. Namun, keduanya tidak lagi berhubungan dengan keterbatasan IADL setelah dikontrol terhadap faktor sosiodemografi. Pendidikan rendah dan status tidak bekerja berhubungan dengan keterbatasan IADL. Gangguan sendi dan osteoporosis berhubungan dengan keterbatasan fungsi dasar (ADL), sedangkan keterbatasan fungsi instrumental (IADL) lebih dipengaruhi faktor demografi dan sosial. Pendekatan pencegahan disabilitas perlu mengintegrasikan manajemen klinis dan intervensi sosial untuk mempertahankan kemandirian lansia.

Kata Kunci: Lansia, Gangguan Sendi, Osteoporosis, Aktivitas Dasar Kehidupan Sehari-Hari, Aktivitas Instrumental Kehidupan Sehari-Hari

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