Enzymatic Screening and Genotypic Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from the Hot Springs of Sarawak, Malaysia

Authors

Seng Chiew Toh, Department of Animal Sciences and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
Samuel Lihan, Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
Sui Sien Leong, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak CampusFollow
Azizul Hakim Lahuri, Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
Wai Cheong Woon, English Unit (CALC), Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
Wing Woh Ng, Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia

Abstract

Owing to their eccentric thermostable ability, thermophiles are among the most utilized extremophiles in various industries, such as manufacturing, and clinical research. Researchers believe that many unknown thermophiles are yet to be discovered. This study aimed to genotypically characterize the diversity of thermophiles and screen them for the potential production of enzymes in the recreational hot springs located at Northwest Coast of Borneo. Water samples were collected at 45 °C–50 °C from Annah Rais and Panchor hot springs during the sampling period from January 2018 to January 2019. Three samples (water and sediment) were collected twice in a 3-week interval from each pool of the sampling sites. Each water sample was diluted up to 10⁻³ and plated on thick nutrient agar at 55 °C for 24 h. Customized nutrient agar plus Bacto-agar plates were used for the optimum growth analysis of the isolates at 40 °C–90 °C for 24 h. The thermophiles were isolated, characterized biochemically, and amplified molecularly using DNA fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lipase, protease, gelatinase, amylase, catalase, and nitrate reductase enzymatic production was examined. Twenty-one thermophilic isolates were successfully characterized into seven clusters of Amnoxybacillus spp. and Geobacillus spp. by studying their phylogenetic dendrograms. Isolates AR10 and AR15 could produce most of the tested enzymes. All the isolates showed negative results in gelatinase and lipase production. PC14 was the only isolate that did not produce any of the enzymatic reactions in this experiment. The results showed that most of the thermophiles isolated from the two Borneo hot springs can synthesize enzymes and have potential to be thermostable. In conclusion, the search for the thermophilic producers of novel enzymes in Borneo is successful; further research must focus on their applications.

Recommended Citation

Toh, Seng Chiew; Lihan, Samuel; Leong, Sui Sien; Lahuri, Azizul Hakim; Woon, Wai Cheong; and Ng, Wing Woh (2023) "Enzymatic Screening and Genotypic Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from the Hot Springs of Sarawak, Malaysia," Makara Journal of Science: Vol. 27: Iss. 4, Article 4.
DOI: 10.7454/mss.v27i4.1449
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/science/vol27/iss4/4